Изопропиловый эфир химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Diisopropyl ether [108-20-3], also known as 2-isopropoxyisopropane or isopropyl ether, is a clear, colorless, mobile, highly flammable liquid with a characteristic ethereal odor. Its solubility in water is low, but it is soluble in organic solvents and readily forms explosive peroxides. It has a higher boiling point, a lower vapor pressure, and a lower water solubility than diethyl ether, which means that diisopropyl ether can be recovered without significant loss after use as a solvent or as an extractant.
Химические свойства
Diisopropyl ether(Isopropyl ether) is highly flammable, with a wide flammable range of 1.4%–21% in air. Boiling point is 156°F (68°C), flash point is 18°F (27°C), and ignition temperature is 830°F (443°C). Vapor density is 3.5, which is heavier than air. In addition to flammability, isopropyl ether is toxic by inhalation and a strong irritant, with a TLV of 250 ppm in air. Diisopropyl ether is an excellent solvent for natural oils, mineral oils, and waxes. It is used as an extracting agent and reaction medium in chemical and pharmaceutical syntheses.
Физические свойства
Clear, colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a penetrating, sweet, ether-like odor.
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 70 μg/m3
(17 ppbv) and 220 μg/m3 (53 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).
Использование
Isopropyl ether is used as a solvent for oils,waxes, resins, and dyes; and as a varnishremover.
Подготовка
Diisopropyl ether can be prepared by liquid-phase dehydration of 2-propanol at 130 – 190°C and 1.96– 7.85 MPa over acidic catalysts containing aluminum.
Общее описание
Diisopropyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point -18°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. Form explosive peroxide in storage. A flask of Isopropyl ether was heated on a steam bath with gentle shaking when an explosion occurred. In a second instance, an explosion occurred after practically all the ether had been distilled, [MCA Guide for Safety(1972)].
Профиль реактивности
Ethers, such as Isopropyl ether, can act as bases. They form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. The complex between diethyl ether and boron trifluoride is an example. Ethers may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, ethers are relatively inert. Mixing Isopropyl ether in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, [NFPA 1991].
Опасность
Flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive
limits in air 1.4–21%. Toxic by inhalation, strong
irritant.
Угроза здоровью
Isopropyl ether is a narcotic and an irritant tothe skin and mucous membranes. It is moretoxic than ethyl ether and the toxic symptomsare similar to the latter compound. Inhalationof its vapors can produce anesthetic effects.Exposure to high concentrations can causeintoxication, respiratory arrest, and death.Exposure to 3.14% and 2.9% of isopropylether in air (by volume) produced the symp toms of somnolence, change in motor activ ity, and muscle contractions in mice andrabbits, respectively, causing the death of50% of test animals. Exposure to 7–10% byvolume concentration in air can be fatal tohumans
Acute oral toxicity of isopropyl ether islow. The liquid is irritating to the mucousmembranes. Skin contact may cause mildirritation, and repeated exposure may causedermatitis. The irritation effect of isopropylether on eyes is mild. In humans, exposureto 800 ppm in air for a few minutes causedirritation of the eyes and nose. There is noreport of its carcinogenic action in animalsor humans.
Пожароопасность
Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Containers may explode when heated.
Промышленное использование
Isopropyl ether is a solvent of minor importance since its boiling point is
intermediate between the two widely used solvents diethyl ether and acetone.
Hazardous peroxides are formed more readily in isopropyl ether than in other
dialkyl ethers.
Экологическая судьба
Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.19 and 1.75 g/g using
filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined
using a standard dilution method at 20 °C and stirred for a period of 5 d. The ThOD for isopropyl
ether is 2.82 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. May form explosive peroxides on standing with air (NIOSH, 1997).
At an influent concentration of 1,018 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 203 mg/L. The adsorbability of the GAC used was 162 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al.,
1974).
Isopropyl will not hydrolyze in water except at elevated temperatures and low pH.
хранилище
Isopropyl ether is stored in a flammable-liquids storage room, isolated from combustible and oxidizing materials. It shouldalso be protected from direct sunlight, staticelectricity, and lightning. It is stabilized with0.01% hydroquinone or p-benzylaminphenol.The ether is shipped in amber glass bottles,steel cans, and drums.
Утилизация отходов
Isopropyl ether is burned in a chemicalincinerator equipped with an afterburner andscrubber. A small amount of ether, if free ofperoxides, can be evaporated in a fume hoodin the absence of any open flame or sourceof ignition nearby.
Изопропиловый эфир препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат