Этилендиамин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Ethylenediamine is used in numerous industrial proces
ses as a solvent for casein or albumin, as a stabilizer
in rubber latex and as a textile lubricant. It can be found
in epoxy-resin hardeners, cooling oils, fungicides, and
waxes. Contact dermatitis from ethylenediamine is
almost exclusively due to topical medicaments. Occupational
contact dermatitis in epoxy-resin systems is
rather infrequent. Ethylenediamine can cross react with
triethylenetetramine and diethylenetriamine. Ethylenediamine
was responsible for sensitization in pharmacists
handling aminophylline suppositories, in nurses
preparing and administering injectable theophylline,
and in a laboratory technician in the manufacture of
aminophylline tab lets.
Химические свойства
Ethylenediamine, a polyamine, is a strongly
alkaline, colorless, clear, thick liquid. Ammonia odor. A
solid below 8.5℃. The Odor Threshold is 1.0 ppm
Физические свойства
Clear, colorless, volatile, slight viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a sweet, ammonia-like odor. The
average least detectable odor threshold concentrations in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C were
12 and 52 mg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982).
Использование
[Note—Edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical.].
Определение
ChEBI: An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.
Методы производства
The production of ethylene-1,2-diamine (EDA) is by the catalytic amination of
monoethanolamine or the reaction of aqueous ammonia with 1,2-dichloroethane
(Spitz 1979). U.S. Production is estimated at greater than 33,000 tons in 1975.
Общее описание
Ethylenediamine is a linear aliphatic diamine, widely used as a building block in organic synthesis. It readily forms heterocyclic imidazolidine derivatives, because of its bifunctional nature, having two amines. Ethylenediamine is also utilized as a raw material for the synthesis of chelating agents, polymers, agrochemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Hygroscopic. Fumes in the air. Water soluble. Biodegrades readily.
Профиль реактивности
A base. Highly reactive with many compounds. Can react violently with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, allyl chloride, carbon disulfide, chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, ethylene chlorohydrin, hydrogen chloride, mesityl oxide, nitric acid, oleum, AgClO4, sulfuric acid, beta-propiolactone and vinyl acetate. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizers (perchlorate salts), and chlorinated organic compounds. Ethylenediamine is also incompatible with halogenated organic compounds and metal halides. May react with nitromethane and diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate. May ignite on contact with cellulose nitrate. Readily absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to give crusty solid deposits. . Ethylenediamine reacts violently with ethylene chlorohydrin. (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 1554.).
Опасность
Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption,
strong irritant to skin and eyes. Flammable, moderate fire risk. Questionable carcinogen.
Угроза здоровью
Ethylenediamine is a severe skin irritant, producing sensitization, an allergic reaction andblistering on the skin. Pure liquid on contact with the eyes can damage vision. A25% aqueous solution can be injurious to theeyes. Inhalation of its vapors can producea strong irritation to the nose and respiratory tract leading to chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. Such irritation inhumans with symptoms of cough and dis tressed breathing may be noted at concentrations of >400 ppm. Repeated exposure tohigh concentrations of this substance in airmay cause lung, liver, and kidney damage.The toxicity of this compound, however, is much less than that of ethylenimine.The acute oral toxicity value in animalswas low to moderate. An oral LD50 value inrats is 500 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986).
Пожароопасность
Burning rate: 2.2 mm/minute. When exposed to heat or flame, the material has a moderate fire potential. The material can react readily with oxidizing materials. Containers may explode in heat of fire. Material emits nitrogen oxides when burned. Avoid carbon disulfide, silver perchlorate, imines, oxidizing materials. Stable. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.
Химическая реактивность
Reactivity with Water Gives off heat, but reaction is not hazardous; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Промышленное использование
EDA functions as a reactive intermediate in the synthesis of carbamate fungicides
and in the preparation of dyes, synthetic waxes, resins, insecticides and asphalt
wetting agents (Parmeggiani 1983). EDA is a solvent for casein, albumin, shellac,
and sulfur; an emulsifier; a stabilizer for rubber latex; an inhibitor in antifreeze
solutions; and a pharmaceutic aid (aminophylline injection stabilizer) (Windholz
1983). It is also an important ingredient in hair-settings, cold wave lotions, and
nail polish (Arena 1979).
Контактные аллергены
Ethylenediamine is used in numerous industrial processes
as a solvent for casein or albumin, as a stabilizer
in rubber latex, and as a textile lubricant. It can be
found in epoxy resin hardeners, cooling oils, fungicides,
and waxes. Contact dermatitis from ethylenediamine
is almost exclusively due to topical medicaments.
Occupational contact dermatitis in epoxy resin systems
is rather infrequent. Ethylenediamine can crossreact
with triethylenetetramine and diethylenetriamine.
Ethylenediamine was found to be responsible for sensitization
in pharmacists handling aminophylline suppositories,
in nurses preparing and administering
injectable theophylline, and in a laboratory technician
in the manufacture of aminophylline tablets
Профиль безопасности
A human poison by
inhalation. Experimental poison by
inhalation, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous,
and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by
ingestion and skin contact, Experimental
reproductive effects. Corrosive. A severe
skin and eye irritant. An allergen and
sensitizer. Mutation data reported.
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat,
flame, or oxidizers. Can react violently with
acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic
acid, acrylonitrile, allyl chloride, CS2,
chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin,
ethylene chlorohydrin, HCl, mesityl oxide,
HNO3, oleum, AgClO4, H2SO4, Ppropiolactone, or vinyl acetate. To fight fwe,
use CO2, dry chemical, alcohol foam. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of NOx and NH3. See also MINES.
Возможный контакт
Ethylenediamine is used as an intermediate; as a urine acidifier; as a solvent; an emulsifier for casein
and shellac solutions; a stabilizer in rubber late. A chemical
intermediate in the manufacture of dyes; corrosion inhibitors;
synthetic waxes; fungicides, resins, insecticides, asphalt wetting agents; and pharmaceuticals. Ethylenediamine is a degradation product of the agricultural fungicide Maneb.
Экологическая судьба
Chemical/Physical. Absorbs carbon dioxide forming carbonates (Patnaik, 1992; Windholz et al.,
1983).
At an influent concentration of 1,000 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 893 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 21 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974).
Перевозки
UN1604 Ethylenediamine, Hazard class: 8;
Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 3-Flammable liquid
Несовместимости
Vapor may form explosive mixture with
air. Ethylenediamine is a medium strong base. Violent reaction with strong acids; strong oxidizers; chlorinated organic
compounds; acetic acid; acetic anhydride; acrolein, acrylic
acid; acrylonitrile, allyl chloride; carbon disulfide; chlorosulfonic acid; epichlorohydrin, ethylene chlorohydrin,
oleum, methyl oxide; vinyl acetate. Also incompatible with
silver perchlorate, 3-propiolactone, mesityl oxide; ethylene
dichloride; organic anhydrides; isocyanates, acrylates,
substituted allyls; alkylene oxides; ketones, aldehydes,
alcohols, glycols, phenols, cresols, caprolactum solution.
Attacks aluminum, copper, lead, tin, zinc, and alloys; some
plastics, rubber, and coatings.
Утилизация отходов
Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices).
Этилендиамин препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат
2-метилпиразин
N,N'-ЭТИЛЕНБИС (СТЕАРАМИД)
Цибензолин
2-Nitroaminoimidazoline
N,N'-BIS(ETHYLENE)-P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE
N-ацетилэтилендиамина
Имидокарб
1-Вос-3-оксопиперазин
Глицилглицин
Лофексидин
Этилендиамин дигидрохлорид
2,3-Diethylpyrazine
2-(2-Aminoethylamino)ethanol
N, N'-дибензил этилендиамина диацетат
N-(1-нафтил) этилендиамина дигидрохлорид
acid washing corrosion inhibitor Sx-1
C- (1H-ИНДОЛ-5-YL) -МЕТИЛАМИН
2-имидазолидон
leveler DA
3 - (2-аминоэтиламино) propylmethyldimethoxysilane
2-Этил-3-метилпиразина
dimethyl p-octadecyl phenylsulfonyl amino propyl ammoium propylsulfonate
noncyanide zinc plating bright additive
ЭТИЛЕНДИАМИНА ДИАЦЕТАТ
N,N,N',N'-Тетракис(2-гидроксипропил)этилендиамин
amidoamino acid
additive EQD-3
noncyanide zinc plating additive XD-1
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline
NABAM
Реактивный синий 231
ЭТИЛЕН-БИС-(4,6-ДИМЕТИЛ-ТЕТРАГИДРО-1,3,5-ТИАДИАЗИН-2-ТИОН)
Моксонидин
laurylamide propionate JHZ-101
2-methyl-3-isobutylpyrazine
2,3-диметилпиразин
CURING AGENT (POLYAMIDE BASE LIQUID) FOR EPOXY RES
hydrodewaxing catalysts for diesel fuel(series)
2-фенил-2-имидазолин
Reactive Blue 198