Phoxim химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Phoxim is a light yellow liquid, Solubility in water is 1.5 mg/L (20 ?C). It is readily soluble in most
organic solvents and slightly in aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Log Kow = 3.38. It is relatively slowly hydrolyzed in
aqueous media; DT50 (22 ?C) at pH 4, 7, and 9 is 26.7,
7.2, and 3.1 d, respectively.
Химические свойства
yellowish oily liquid, Specific gravity: 1.176 (20°C)
Использование
Phoxim is used to control stored product insect pests in silos and
barns. It is also used to control household insects such as ants and other
public health pests. Agricultural targets include caterpillars and soil
insects in maize, vegetables, cotton and potatoes.
Профиль безопасности
Poison by ingestion.
An experimental teratogen. When heated
to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes
of CN-, NO,, PO,, and SO,. See also
NITRILES.
Метаболический путь
The primary metabolic step in the metabolism of phoxim in most
biological systems is hydrolysis to the oxime, which may occur either
oxidatively or via oxidative desulfuration followed by hydrolysis of the
oxon which is much more hydrolytically labile. Stage II metabolism in
plants involves the oxime group of the oxaminophenylacetonitrile moiety
being reduced to an amine followed by its conjugation with malonic acid.
Phoxim is one of a quite large group of insecticidal organophosphates
which generates tetraethyl pyrophosphate and its thio analogues under
the influence of light. These are compounds which are very active as
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and highly toxic to mammals.
Метаболизм
Phoxim is oxidatively
desulfurated to the oxon, which inhibits housefly AChE
270 times as quickly as bovine AChE. In mammals, the
oxon is immediately hydrolyzed into diethyl hydrogen
phosphate. The direct cleavage of the oxime ester bond of
phoxim, the hydrolytic transformation of the nitrile group
into carboxyl, and deethylation also contribute to the low
mammalian toxicity. Elimination is very quick, 97% of
the dose being excreted in the urine and feces in 24 h.
Degradation in soils is also very rapid. By photochemical
reactions, the thiooxime phosphate isomer, tetraethyl
pyrophosphate, and its monothio analog are produced in
small amounts on foliage.
Phoxim препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат