Абамектин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Abamectin is a colorless to yellowish crystalline powder. It is soluble in acetone, methanol,
toluene, chloroform, and ethanol, but insoluble in water. It is stable, and incompatible with
strong oxidizing agents. Abamectin is a mixture of Abamectins containing about 80%
Abamectin B1a and 20% Abamectin B1b. These two components, B1a and B1b, have very
similar biological and toxicological properties. The Abamectins are insecticidal/miticidal
compounds derived from the soil bacterium
Streptomyces avermitilis.
Abamectin is used to
control insect and mite pests of citrus, pear, and nut tree crops, and is used by homeown-
ers to control fi
re ants. It acts on the nervous system of insects, causing paralyzing effects.
Abamectin is a general use pesticide (GUP). It is grouped as toxicity class IV, meaning
practically non-toxic, requiring no precautionary statement on its label
Использование
Mixture of Abamectins, containing at least 80% of Abamectin B1a (C48H72O14) and not more than 20% of Abamectin B1b (C47H70O14). Used as acaricide, insecticide
Определение
Any of a group of broad spectrum antiparasitic antibiotics produced by the actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis.
Общее описание
Odorless off-white to yellow crystals from methanol. Does not hydrolyze in water at pH 3, 5, 7. Used as an acaricide and insecticide.
Профиль реактивности
A lactone.
Опасность
A poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by
inhalation and skin contact.
Угроза здоровью
Abamectin is an insecticide and miticide. It is very toxic and causes adverse health effects
if swallowed and/or inhaled. Emulsifi
able concentrate formulations of Abamectin cause
slight to moderate eye irritation and mild skin irritation. The symptoms of poisoning
observed in laboratory animals include pupil dilation, vomiting, convulsions and/or trem-
ors, and coma. Abamectin acts on insects by interfering with the nervous system. At very
high doses, laboratory mammals develop symptoms of nervous system depression, inco-
ordination, tremors, lethargy, excitation, and pupil dilation. Very high doses have caused
death from respiratory failure in animals. Additionally, Abamectin has been reported to
cause reproductive effects. Abamectin blocks the nerval conduct system in insects, caus-
ing paralysis and death. Laboratory studies have indicated that abamectin may affect the
nervous system in experimental animals. A 1-year study with dogs given oral doses of
abamectin (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day) caused adverse health effects, such as pupil dilation,
weight loss, lethargy, tremors, and recumbency.
Сельскохозяйственное использование
Acaricide, Miticide, Insecticide, Anthelmentic: Used on fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops; pears,
citrus fruits, and nut crops; to control mite and insect pests,
and also to control household and lawn insects, including fire
ants. Approved by the EPA for use in ash trees for control of
emerald ash borer. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).
Торговое название
ABACIDE®; AFFIRM®; AVID®,
AVID-EC®; AVOMEC®; DYNAMEC®; INJECT-A-
CIDE AV®; MK 936®(B 1A ); BOVITIN®; DORATECT®;
DUOMECTIN®; DUOTIN®; ENDECTO®; ENZEC®; L
676,863® (B 1A ); MK 0936®; MK 936®; PARAFOIL®;
VERTIMEC®, VERTIMIL®; VIVID®; ZECTIN®;
ZEPHEYR®; ZEPHYR®
Метаболический путь
Abamectin contains the closely related avermectin B1a and B1b as the
active ingredients. Avermectin B1a contains a sec-butyl moiety whereas
avermectin B1b contains an isopropyl moiety. Chemical degradation and
metabolism studies were conducted with avermectin B1a radiolabelled
with 3H or 14C at various positions of this large molecule. The overall fates
of avermectin B1a and B1b are similar since transformations at the butyl or
propyl moiety were not observed.
Avermectin B1a is stable to hydrolytic degradation, but it is readily
degraded to numerous products in aqueous solutions, soil, glass and
plant foliage/fruit surfaces after light irradiation. Isomerisation and
O-demethylation appear to the primary degradation reactions. In addition,
hydroxylation is a major metabolic reaction in animals. Significant
amounts of the residues in plants and animals were characterised as
unidentified polar components.
Меры предосторожности
During use of Abamectin, occupational workers should use safety glasses, gloves, and
protective clothing to prevent prolonged skin contact, and work in good ventilation.
Абамектин препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат