Хлорпромазин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
This phenothiazine with sedative properties is used in
human medicines and has induced contact dermatitis
in nurses or in those working in the pharmaceutical
industry. It is also used in veterinary medicine to avoid
mortality of pigs during transportation. It is a sensitizer
and a photosensitizer.
Химические свойства
Oily liquid; amine odor.
Использование
In psychiatric practice, chlorpromazine is used in various conditions of psychomotor
excitement in patients with schizophrenia, chronic paranoid and also manic-depressive
conditions, neurosis, alcohol psychosis and neurosis accompanied by excitement, fear,
stress, and insomnia. In comparison with other neuroleptics, chlorpromazine is unique in
that it has an expressed sedative effect. It is sometimes used in anesthesiological practice
for potentiating narcosis. It also has moderate anticonvulsant action.
Определение
ChEBI: A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.
Опасность
Toxic by ingestion.
Контактные аллергены
This phenothiazine with sedative properties is used in
human medicine and induced contact dermatitis in nurses
or those working in the pharmaceutical industry. It is also
used in veterinary medicine to avoid mortality of pigs during
transportation. It is a sensitizer and a photosensitizer.
Экологическая судьба
Acute and chronic toxicity due to chlorpromazine generally
manifests as an extension of normal pharmacological activity.
The precise mechanism of action of chlorpromazine, and other
phenothiazines, is unknown; however, it is thought to primarily
involve antagonism of dopaminergic (D2) neurotransmission
at synaptic sites and blockade of postsynaptic dopamine
receptor sites at the subcortical levels of the reticular formation,
limbic system, and hypothalamus. This activity contributes to
chlorpromazine’s extrapyramidal reactions. Chlorpromazine
also has strong central and peripheral activity directed against
adrenergic receptors and weak activity against serotonergic,
histaminic (H1), and muscarinic receptors. Chlorpromazine
has slight ganglionic blocking action. Chlorpromazine is
known to depress vasomotor reflexes medicated by the hypothalamus
and/or brain stem; inhibit release of growth hormone;
antagonize secretion of prolactin release-inhibiting hormone;
and reduce secretion of corticotropin-regulatory hormone.
Chlorpromazine also has direct effects on cardiac myocytes;
it can induce early after-depolarizations, block depolarizing
sodium channels, and cause significant prolongation of the
QTc interval.
Chlorpromazine may be irritating to eyes, mucous
membranes, and skin. Contact and inhalation should be
avoided.
Метаболический путь
The in vivo photodegradation of chlorpromazine in rat
skin exposed to UV-A results in the formation of
promazine and 2-hydroxypromazine in irradiated rats,
but not in the skin of rats kept in the dark.
Chlorpromazine sulfoxide is a major metabolite of
chlorpromazine, found in smaller quantity in the skin of
irradiated rats compared with those kept in the dark.
Chlorpromazine sulfoxide is not a photoproduct of
chlorpromazine under the experimental conditions.
Хлорпромазин препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат