Аммония роданид химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Ammonium thiocyanate is a colorless solid
which absorbs moisture, becoming liquid, known as the
“liquor.”
Использование
Colorless deliquescent crystals made by boiling an aqueous
solution of ammonium cyanide with sulfur or polysulfides.
It must be kept in a well-sealed container. The principal use
for ammonium thiocyanate was in gold-toning formulas, but
it was also used in a 5 percent solution to dissolve gelatin in
overexposed carbon prints.
Методы производства
Ammonium thiocyanate (plus ammonium sulfide) [CAS: 12135-76-1] may be made by reaction of ammonia and carbon disulfide, a reaction which probably accounts for the presence of ammonium thiocyanate in the products of the destructive distillation of coal. This reaction corresponds to the formation of ammonium cyanate from ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Подготовка
(NH4)2S is obtained from reacting hydrogen sulfide with excess of ammonia:
H2S + 2NH3 → (NH4)2S.
Определение
ammonium thiocyanate: A colourless, soluble crystalline compound,NH4NCS. It is made by theaction of hydrogen cyanide on ammoniumsulphide or from ammoniaand carbon disulphide in ethanol. Onheating, it turns into its isomerthiourea, SC(NH2)2. Its solutions givea characteristic blood-red colour withiron(III) compounds and so are employedas a test for ferric iron. Ammoniumthiocyanate is used as arapid fixative in photography and asan ingredient in making explosives.
Общее описание
Ammonium thiocyanate is a colorless crystalline solid. Ammonium thiocyanate is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Ammonium thiocyanate is used in chemical analysis, in photography, as a fertilizer, and for many other uses.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Water soluble.
Профиль реактивности
Ammonium thiocyanate can release ammonia vapors if mixed with a chemical base or with an acid. Violent or explosive reactions have occurred when thiocyanates are mixed with oxidizing agents (such as chlorates(potassium chlorate), nitrates, nitric acid, and peroxides). Nitric acid violently oxidized a thiocyanate solution [Bretherick 1979 p. 121]. An explosion of guanidine nitrate demolished an autoclave built to withstand 50 atmospheres, in which Ammonium thiocyanate was being made from Ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate [C. Angew. Chem. 49:23 1936].
Угроза здоровью
Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes dizziness, cramps, nervous disturbances. Dust irritates eyes. Can be absorbed through skin; prolonged contact may produce various skin eruptions, dizziness, cramps, nausea, and mild to severe disturbance of the nervous system.
Пожароопасность
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes to form ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide. Oxides of nitrogen may also form. All of these products are toxic.
Профиль безопасности
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: hallucinations and
distorted perceptions, nausea or vomiting,
and other gastrointestinal effects. See also
THIOCYANATES. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NH3,
NOx, SO,, and CN-. Incompatible with
KClO3 and mixtures with Pb(NO3)2.
Возможный контакт
It has many uses in making matches,
fabric processing; metals processing; chemical manufacturing,
electroplating; zinc coating; liquid rocket propellents,
fabric dyeing, polymerization catalyst, in photography.
Used as a laboratory chemical. May be used as an agricultural
chemical: herbicides, weed killers, defoliants.
Перевозки
UN2672 Ammonia solutions, relative density
between 0.880 and 0.957 at 15 C in water, with . 10 %
but not . 35 % ammonia, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-
Corrosive material. UN3082 Environmentally hazardous
substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-
Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name
Required. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous
hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
Методы очистки
Crystallise it three times from dilute HClO4 to give material optically transparent at wavelengths longer than 270nm. It has also been crystallised from absolute MeOH or from acetonitrile.
Несовместимости
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Acts as an acid; incompatible
with lead nitrate, chlorates, nitric acid, acid, acid
fumes. In the presence of moisture, this chemical is corrosive
to brass, copper, iron. Ammonium thiocyanate liquor
can release ammonia vapors if mixed with a chemical base
or with an acid. Violent or explosive reactions have
occurred when thiocyanates are mixed with oxidizing
agents . Nitric acid violently oxidized a
thiocyanate solution . An explosion
of guanidine nitrate demolished an autoclave built to withstand
50 atmospheres, in which it was being made from
ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate .
Утилизация отходов
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Slowly add to large container of water. Stir in slight excess
of soda ash. Decant or siphon liquid from sludge, neutralize
with HCl and flush to sewer. Sludge may be landfilled.
Аммония роданид препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат
Mercury(II) thiocyanate
Тиосемикарбазид
Альбендазол
2,3,5-Trichlorobenzeneboronic кислота
Ацетазоламид
5-амино-1,3,4-тиадиазол-2-тиол
Calcium thiocyanate
1-PHENYL-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE
4- (ДИМЕТИЛАМИНО) ФЕНИЛТИОЦИАНАТ
2-амино-5,6-диметилбензотиазол
Натрия тиоциана
N-(2-хлорфенил) тиомочевина
Benazolin
Роданина-3-уксусной кислоты
Buprofezin
Карбонил сульфид
FOSTHIETAN
2-(АЦЕТАМИДО)-5-(ХЛОРСУЛЬФОНИЛ)-1,3,4-ТИАДИАЗОЛ
ОМЕПРАЗОЛ
N-(2-Methylphenyl)thiourea
1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA
2,5-Dithiobiurea
4,5-DIPHENYL-2-IMIDAZOLETHIOL
4-(Propylthio)benzene-1,2-diamine
Tricyclazole
8-BROMO-4-CHLORO-2-METHYLTHIOPYRAZOLO[1,5-A]1,3,5-TRIAZINE
Моксонидин
Аммония тиосульфата
2-AMINO-6-HYDROXY-PYRIMIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID
ТИОЦИАНАТ КАЛИЯ
Аллил изотиоцианат
BISMERTHIAZOL
трет-Бутилизотиоцианат
N-(4-бромфенил) тиомочевина
Тиомочевина