Аммоний сульфид химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Ammonium sulfide is a yellow crystalline
(sugar or sand-like) material, commonly found in liquid
solution, which is flammable. Solution has an odor of rotten
eggs.
Физические свойства
Unstable, decomposes at ambient temperature; forms yellow crystals below -18°C; hygroscopic; soluble in water and alcohol, very soluble in liquid ammonia.
Использование
Ammonium sulfide solution is used occasionally in photographic developing, to apply patina to bronze, and in textile manufacturing. Ammonium sulfide is a very useful reagent in mineral analysis. Used in continuous culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae, useful in a double staining technique for visualization of astrocytes and microglia from brain sections and astroglial cell cultures. It plays an important role to modify the surface of low κ dielectric thin films. It is essential for molecular beam epitaxy regrowth. It is an unstable salt and acts as a selective reducing agent.
Общее описание
Ammonium sulfide aqueous solution is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an odor of rotten eggs or ammonia. Material in aqueous from the hydrosulfide which with acid forms H2S. Ammonium sulfide may be irritating to skin, eyes and mucous membranes and may cause illness from skin absorption. Ammonium sulfide may burn and/or emit toxic fumes if heated to high temperatures.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Readily oxidized to be pyrophoric in air [Bretherick 1979 p. 120]. Ammonium sulfide is slowly decomposed by moisture giving off hydrogen sulfide, a flammable gas. Heat is generated when the pure compound is first dissolved in water.
Профиль реактивности
AMMONIUM SULFIDE SOLUTION is a strongly alkaline aqueous solution. Reacts with acids to generate toxic gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Reacts with bases to release gaseous ammonia. May react vigorously with oxidizing agents, including inorganic oxoacids, organic peroxides and epoxides. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen sulfide gas is released when solution is heated. If ignited, this will form irritating sulfur dioxide gas [USCG, 1999].
Угроза здоровью
Inhalation of 500 ppm for 30 min. produces headaches, dizziness, bronchial pneumonia; 600 ppm for 30 min. can cause death. Ingestion causes severe irritation of mucous membranes and stomach. Contact with liquid causes severe burns of eyes and severe skin irritation. May be absorbed through skin and cause hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
Пожароопасность
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen sulfide gas is released when solution is heated. If ignited, this will form irritating sulfur dioxide gas.
Промышленное использование
Ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S is a liquid with an obnoxious odor and because of this, it is
not normally used in mineral processing. However, this is the most effective depressant
for bornite and covellite. Essentially, (NH4)2S dissolves excess sulfur from the mineral
surface, that allows other depressants to adsorb onto the mineral surface. In
copper–lead separation, from a bulk concentrate containing covellite and bornite,
(NH4)2S can effectively be used together with cyanide.
Возможный контакт
It is used in photographic developers,
synthetic flavors, coloring metals (i.e., to apply patina to
bronze); and to make textiles.
Перевозки
UN2923 Corrosive solids, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard
class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 6.1-Poisonous material,
Technical Name Required. UN2683 Ammonium sulfide
solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material,
6.1-Poisonous materials, 3-Flammable liquid
Несовместимости
Vapor form explosive mixture with air
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids,
epoxides. Evolves poisonous ammonia on contact
with strong bases. Contact with acid or acid fumes releases
hydrogen sulfide. Keep away from moisture.
Утилизация отходов
Add to a large volume of ferric
chloride solution with stirring. Neutralize with soda ash.
Flush to drain with water.
Аммоний сульфид препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат