ТЕТРАГИДРОТИОФЕН химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Tetrahydrothiophene is cyclic thioalkane, namely, saturated analog of thiophene. It is a colorless transparent volatile liquid, insoluble in water, miscible in ethanol, ether, benzene, acetone. It has a strong unpleasant odor, is stable and not easily emitted, and can be smelled in the air at 0.01PPm. It is not corrosive to gas equipment, transportation pipeline gaskets and other materials, and does not produce habitual blunting of the human sense of smell, so it is used as an odorant in LPG and natural gas, outlawing the original use of ethyl mercaptan and other odor-assigning agents.
Использование
Tetrahydrothiophene is used as pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediates.
Подготовка
Tetrahydrothiophene is prepared by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and furan in the vapor phase at 400°C. This vapor-phase reaction is catalyzed by alumina(Al2O3) and other heterogenous acid catalysts.
Общее описание
A water-white liquid. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Flash point near 20°F. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Organosulfides, such as Tetrahydrothiophene, are incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials generate heat and in many cases hydrogen gas. Many of these compounds may liberate hydrogen sulfide upon decomposition or reaction with an acid. Slow addition of hydrogen peroxide to the thiophene resulted in explosions on three occasions, Chem. Eng. News, 1974, 52(39), 3.
Угроза здоровью
May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Пожароопасность
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Профиль безопасности
Mildly toxic by inhalation. Flammable liquid. Potentially explosive reaction with hydrogen peroxide. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx.
Методы очистки
The crude material is purified by crystallisation of the mercuric chloride complex to a constant melting point. It is then regenerated, washed, dried, and fractionally distilled. [Whitehead et al. J Am Chem Soc 73 3632 1951.] It has been dried over Na2SO4 and distilled in a vacuum [Roberts & Friend J Am Chem Soc 108 7204 1986]. [Beilstein 17 I 5, 17 II 15, 17 III/IV 34, 17/1 V 36.]
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