2,3-DIMETHYL-2,3-DINITROBUTANE

Description

2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), a nitroalkane compound used as a propellant, foaming agent and explosives detector, is an important additive component in the manufacture of explosives, and the product has been used to develop a rapid square-wave voltammetry measurement protocol for tagging on unmodified carbon fibre electrodes (DMNB Explosives).

Chemical Properties

white to off-white crystals or cryst. powder

Physical properties

sublimes at room temperature

Uses

2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) is an additive required for commercial plastic explosives. The product has been used to develop a fast, square-wave voltammetric measurement protocol of taggant (DMNB explosive) at an unmodified carbon fiber electrode. This protocol used a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 96, p. 2580, 1974 DOI: 10.1021/ja00815a043
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 35, p. 295, 1970

Toxicology

Toxicologists at the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine have proposed an occupational exposure limit (OEL) for 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMNB) of 0.15 mg/m3. 

Synthesis

The synthesis of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane is as follows:

Add 4.5 g (0.05 mol) of 2-nitropropane and 9 mL of a 6 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to a 100 mL three-necked flask. The reaction was stirred magnetically for 0.5 h in an ice-water bath, and 4 g (0.025 mol) of liquid bromine was added dropwise to the flask using a constant pressure dropping funnel. After the dropwise addition was completed, 15 mL of absolute ethanol was added to thereto, and stirring was continued in an ice bath for 0.5 h. Then the ice bath was removed, the temperature was raised to 90℃, and the reaction was refluxed for 2 hours to stop the reaction. After the reaction liquid was naturally cooled to room temperature, a large amount of white solid precipitated, filtered, washed several times with absolute ethanol and distilled water, and dried under vacuum to obtain 40.13 g of white flake crystals. The yield was 91.2%.