인
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인 속성
- 녹는점
- 280 °C (white)(lit.)
- 끓는 점
- 280℃
- 밀도
- 2.34 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
- 증기 밀도
- 0.02 (vs air)
- 증기압
- 0.03 mm Hg ( 21 °C)
- 인화점
- 30°C
- 저장 조건
- 2-8°C
- 용해도
- 불용성
- 물리적 상태
- 가루 (빨간색)
- 색상
- 적갈색
- Specific Gravity
- 2.34
- 냄새
- 공기에 노출되면 매운 연기가 납니다.
- 수소이온지수(pH)
- 3 at 37℃ and 500-10000mg/L
- 비저항
- 10 μΩ-cm, 20°C
- 수용성
- 불용성
- Merck
- 13,7433
- Dielectric constant
- 4.1(34℃)
- 노출 한도
- ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
- 안정성
- 안정적인. 가연성이 높습니다. 강한 산화제, 강한 염기와 호환되지 않습니다. 빛과 열에 민감합니다.
- CAS 데이터베이스
- 7723-14-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
안전
- 위험 및 안전 성명
- 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 | F,N,C,T+ | ||
---|---|---|---|
위험 카페고리 넘버 | 11-16-52/53-50-35-26/28-17 | ||
안전지침서 | 7-43-61-43C-45-38-26-5-27-6 | ||
유엔번호(UN No.) | UN 1338 4.1/PG 3 | ||
OEB | D | ||
OEL | TWA: 0.1 mg/m3 | ||
WGK 독일 | 2 | ||
RTECS 번호 | TH3495000 | ||
F 고인화성물질 | 10-21 | ||
자연 발화 온도 | White phosphorus: 29 °C Red phosphorus: 260 °C |
||
TSCA | Yes | ||
위험 등급 | 4.1 | ||
포장분류 | III | ||
HS 번호 | 28047000 | ||
유해 물질 데이터 | 7723-14-0(Hazardous Substances Data) | ||
독성 | LD50 oral (rat) 3 mg/kg PEL (OSHA) 0.1 mg/m3 TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 0.02 ppm (0.1 mg/m3) |
||
IDLA | 5 mg/m3 | ||
기존화학 물질 | KE-28713 |
인 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
물성
삼중점은 대략 590℃, 비중 2.l∼2.28이다. 공기 중에 방치하여도 황린과 달라서 인광(燐光)을 발생 하지 않는다. 물·이황화탄소 등에 녹지 않는다. 황린에 비하여 화학반응성은 비활성으로 고온이 되 지 않으면 반응하지 않는다. 공기 중에서 발화온도는 260℃이다.용도
성냥·연화(煙火) 등의 제조원료가 되는 외에 인화합물의 합성원료가 된다.준비
인은 일반적으로 실험실에서 간단히 얻을 수 없고 공업적인 규모로 인산칼슘을 코크스·모래 등과 섞어 전기로 속에서 가열하여 제조한다. 이렇게 얻 는 것은 황린(黃燐)이라고 하며, 다시 공기를 차단하여 약 260℃로 가열하여 적린으로 만든다.독성
또 황린은 독성이 있으나, 적린은 무독하다.개요
White or yellow white phosphorus is a yellow waxy or colourless, transparent, volatile crystalline solid, waxy appearance with a garlic-like odour. On exposure to light, it darkens and ignites in air. It is also called yellow phosphorus colour because of impurities. White phosphorus does not occur naturally but is manufactured from phosphate rocks. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene, ethanol, and chloroform, and is soluble in carbon disulphide. White phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen, easily catching fire at temperatures 10°C–15°C above room temperature. White phosphorus is used by the military in various types of ammunition and to produce smoke for concealing troop movements and identifying targets. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and other chemicals for use in fertilisers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. Small amounts of white phosphorus were used in the past in pesticides and fireworks.White phosphorus is used mainly for producing phosphoric acid and other chemicals. These chemicals are used to make fertilisers, additives in foods and drinks, cleaning compounds, and other products. In the military, white phosphorus is used in ammunitions such as mortar and artillery shells, and grenades.화학적 성질
Yellow or white phosphorus ignites spontaneously in air at 34 °C. It should be stored under water. Under this condition, however, it may form phosphoric acid. Stainless steel containers should be used to hold the corrosive material. White phosphorus fires can be controlled by using water or sand or by excluding air.Isotopes
There are a 23 isotopes of phosphorus, ranging from P-24 to P-46, with halflivesthat range from a few nanoseconds to about two and half minutes. The one stableisotope is phosphorus-31, which accounts for 100% of the natural phosphorus on Earth.Origin of Name
Its name is derived from the Greek word phosphoros, which means “bringer of light” or “light bearing.”출처
Phosphorus is the 12th most abundant element. It makes up about 0.1% of the Earth’s crust.Phosphorous occurs in nature in several forms, mostly as phosphates. The most commonsource is phosphate rock [Ca3(PO4)2] and a mineral called “apatite.” Phosphorus is found inall animal bones and teeth and in most living tissue. Phosphorous nodules are found on theocean floor along with manganese nodules.Most commercial phosphorus is produced in electric furnaces where the phosphate-richminerals are heated to drive off the phosphorus as a gas, which is then condensed under water.Another process uses sulfuric acid to remove the phosphorus.Characteristics
White phosphorus occurs in nature in phosphate rock. It is insoluble in water and alcoholand will ignite spontaneously in air. It exhibits what is known as phosphorescence; that is, itglows in the dark at room temperature. White phosphorus is poisonous and must be storedunder water.Red phosphorus is less reactive than the white variety. It is not poisonous, but largeamounts can explode. It is used in fireworks and matches.
Black phosphorus is the only one of the three that will conduct electricity; white and redare poor conductors. Black phosphorus has no significant commercial uses.
용도
It is used to make safety matches, incendiary shells,andsmokebombs;inpyrotechnics;and in the manufacture of fertilizers, pesticides, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus halides.정의
phosphorus: Symbol P. A nonmetallicelement belonging togroup 15 (formerly VB) of the periodictable; a.n. 15; r.a.m. 30.9738; r.d.1.82 (white), 2.34 (red); m.p. 44.1°C(α-white); b.p. 280°C (α-white). It occursin various phosphate rocks,from which it is extracted by heatingwith carbon (coke) and silicon(IV)oxide in an electric furnace (1500°C).Calcium silicate and carbon monoxideare also produced. Phosphorushas a number of allotropic forms.The α-white form consists of P4 tetrahedra(there is also a β-white formstable below –77°C). If α-white phosphorusis dissolved in lead andheated at 500°C a violet form is obtained.Red phosphorus, which is acombination of violet and whitephosphorus, is obtained by heatingα-white phosphorus at 250°C with airexcluded. There is also a black allotrope,which has a graphite-likestructure, made by heating whitephosphorus at 300°C with a mercurycatalyst. The element is highly reactive.It forms metal phosphides andcovalently bonded phosphorus(III)and phosphorus(V) compounds. Phosphorusis an essential element forliving organisms. It is an importantconstituent of tissues (especiallybones and teeth) and of cells, beingrequired for the formation of nucleic acids and energy-carrying molecules(e.g. ATP) and also involved in variousmetabolic reactions. The elementwas discovered by Hennig Brand(c. 1630–92) in 1669.일반 설명
A white or yellow colored semi-liquid. Transported at high temperatures. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Contact may cause burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. May ignite upon exposure to air. Used to make other chemicals.공기와 물의 반응
When exposed to air emits a green light and gives off white fumes. Ignites at 30°C in moist air, higher temperatures are required for ignition in dry air [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. The reactivity of phosphorus with oxygen or air depends on the allotrope of phosphorus involved and the conditions of contact, white (yellow) phosphorus being by far more reactive. White phosphorus readily ignites in air if warmed, finely divided, or under conditions where the slow oxidative isotherm cannot be dissipated. Contact with finely divided charcoal or lampblack promotes ignition, probably by the absorbed oxygen. Contact with amalgamated aluminum also promotes ignition [Mellor 1940 and 1971].반응 프로필
WHITE PHOSPHORUS reacts with air (fire, acidic solution); sulfur and oxidants (fire, explosion). Bromine trifluoride reacts similarly with arsenic, boron, bromine, iodine, phosphorus, and sulfur [Mellor 2:113. 1946-47]. Bromoazide explodes on contact with antimony, arsenic, phosphorus, silver foil, or sodium. Red phosphorus reacts in the cold with selenium oxychloride evolving light and heat; white phosphorus reacts explosively [Mellor 10:906. 1946-47]. When thorium is heated with phosphorus, they unite with incandescence [Svenska Akad. 1829. p. 1].위험도
Many of the compounds of phosphorus are extremely dangerous, both as fire hazardsand as deadly poisons to the nervous system of humans and animals. Some of the poisonouscompounds (PClx) can be absorbed by the skin as well as inhaled or ingested. Flushing withwater is the only way to stop the burning of white phosphorus on the skin, but water doesnot affect the combustion of some phosphorus compounds. Although red phosphorus is notas dangerous or poisonous as white phosphorus, merely applying some frictional heating willinduce the red allotrope to change back to the explosive white allotrope (the striking of a safetymatch is an example).Some of the main types of poisonous gases used in warfare have a phosphorus base. Manycountries stockpile these gases, but, by agreement, the supplies are being reduced.
건강위험
White phosphorus is a highly toxic substance by all routes of exposure. Contact of the solid with the skin produces deep painful burns, and eye contact can cause severe damage. Ingestion of phosphorus leads (after a delay of a few hours) to symptoms including nausea, vomiting, belching, and severe abdominal pain. Apparent recovery may be followed by a recurrence of symptoms. Death may occur after ingestion of 50 to 100 mg due to circulatory, liver, and kidney effects. Phosphorus ignites and burns spontaneously when exposed to air, and the resulting vapors are highly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.Red phosphorus is much less toxic than the white allotrope; however, samples of red phosphorus may contain the white form as an impurity. Early signs of chronic systemic poisoning by phosphorus are reported to include anemia, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal distress, chronic cough, a garlic-like odor to the breath, and pallor. A common response to severe chronic poisoning is damage of the jaw (''phossy jaw") and other bones. Phosphorus has not been reported to show carcinogenic effects in humans.
화재위험
White phosphorus ignites spontaneously upon contact with air, producing an irritating, dense white smoke of phosphorus oxides. Use water to extinguish phosphorus fires.인화성 및 폭발성
White phosphorus ignites spontaneously upon contact with air, producing an irritating, dense white smoke of phosphorus oxides. Use water to extinguish phosphorus fires.Red phosphorus is a flammable solid but does not ignite spontaneously on exposure to air. At high temperatures (-300 °C), red phosphorus is converted to the white form.
저장
Work with white phosphorus should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact. Phosphorus should be stored under water in secondary containers in areas separate from oxidizing agents and other incompatible substances.Purification Methods
Purify white phosphorus by melting it under dilute H2SO4—dichromate (possible carcinogen) mixture and allow to stand for several days in the dark at room temperature. It remains liquid, and the initial milky appearance due to insoluble, oxidisable material gradually disappears. The phosphorus can then be distilled under vacuum in the dark [Holmes Trans Faraday Soc 58 1916 1962]. It sublimes in vacuo. Other methods of purification include extraction with dry CS2 followed by evaporation of the solvent, or washing with 6M HNO3, then H2O, and drying under vacuum. It ignites in air at ~50o, or by friction if dry. Store and cut it under H2O . POISONOUS.비 호환성
White phosphorus reacts with a number of substances to form explosive mixtures. For example, dangerous explosion hazards are produced upon reaction of phosphorus with many oxidizing agents, including chlorates, bromates, and many nitrates, with chlorine, bromine, peracids, organic peroxides, chromium trioxide, and potassium permanganate, with alkaline metal hydroxides (phosphine gas is liberated), and with sulfur, sulfuric acid, and many metals, including the alkali metals, copper, and iron.Red phosphorus is much less reactive than the white allotrope but may ignite or react explosively with strong oxidizing agents.
폐기물 처리
Excess phosphorus and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.인 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
GRAPHITE ELECTRODES
일산화탄소(가스)
Coal gas
2-(5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-phenoxy)ethanamine
인산 칼슘, 삼염기성
ROCK PHOSPHATE
QUARTZITE
인철
산소, 냉각된 액체
Cast iron pan
METALLURGICAL COKE
Cement dust
수산화나트륨
황린
산화마그네슘
펜타클로로페놀
코크스
염화칼륨
규조토
준비 용품
에틸알파-클로로페닐아세테이트
프로피오닐브로마이드
인산 나트륨, 이염기
DL-이소류신
칼슘 하이포인산염
브롬화부틸
브롬발레릴 요소
헥사나트륨 헥사메타인산염
인산
perphosphoric acid
4(3H)-피리미돈
인화 알루미늄
차아인산 나트륨
삼황화사인
티오포스포릴 염화물
트리폴리인산나트륨
2-Bromoanthracene
하이드록시타이로솔
브롬화수소
인다졸
4-methylquinoline
모노브로모초산 브롬화물
플루오렌-1-카르복실 산
1-브로모프로판
삼브롬화인
인화아연
2-브롬-2-메틸프로피오닐브로마이드
O,O-디메틸 포스포라미도씨오산
요오드화에틸
오산화 인
요오드 메탄
펜토에이트
인 공급 업체
글로벌( 266)공급 업체
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