Хлорид бария химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Barium dichloride is a white solid, odorless, hygroscopic chemical substance. Barium
dichloride is used in the manufacture of pigments, in the manufacture of other barium
salts and in fireworks to give a bright green color. It is one of the most common watersoluble
salts of barium. Like other barium salts, it is toxic and imparts a yellow-green coloration
to a flame. Barium chloride has wide application in the laboratory.
Химические свойства
Barium chloride,BaCI2, is a colorless toxic salt with a melting point of 963°C. It is soluble in water. Barium chloride is used in metal surface treatment and as a rat poison.
Физические свойства
Barium chloride has the formula, BaCl2 and is an
ionic chemical compound. It is one of the most important
water-soluble salts of barium-containing
compounds. Like other barium salts, it is toxic and
imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is
also hygroscopic. Barium chloride was the by-product
of the discovery of radium by Madame Curie (1898).When refining radium, the final separation resulted in
barium chloride and radium chloride.
BaCl2 crystallizes in both the cubic “fluorite” and
“lead chloride” crystal structures, both of which accommodate
the preference of the large Ba2+ ion for coordination
numbers greater than six.
Подготовка
Barium chloride can be prepared from barium
hydroxide or barium carbonate, the latter being found
naturally as the mineral “Witherite”. These basic salts
react to give hydrated barium chloride. On an industrial
scale, it is prepared via a two-step process from the
mineral “Baryte”:
BaSO4＋4C→BaS＋4CO (gas)
This first step requires high temperatures. The second
step requires fusion of the reactants:
BaS＋ CaCl2→BaCl2＋CaS
The BaCl2 is then be leached out from the mixture
with water. From water solutions of barium chloride,
the dihydrate can then be crystallized as white crystals,
BaCl2·2H2O, which are colorless, translucent rhomboidal
tablets or lamellae. The dihydrate is stable in
the air at room temperature, but loses one-half of its
water above 55°C(131F), and becomes anhydrous at
121°C (250 F).
Общее описание
Any of a variety of substances that contain barium. Most are whitish colored crystalline solids. They tend to be soluble in water and denser than water. They may be toxic by inhalation or possibly skin absorption. They are often used to make other chemicals.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Water soluble.
Профиль реактивности
BARIUM CHLORIDE may react violently with BrF3 and 2-furan percarboxylic acid in its anhydrous form.
Опасность
Ingestion of 0.8 g may be fatal.
Пожароопасность
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Промышленное использование
Barium chloride (BaCl2·2H2O) is a colorless, white powder highly soluble in water (25%
at 10 °C). It is quite a toxic reagent. Barium chloride is used during borite flotation as an
activator. Barium chloride also has a depressing effect on fluorite and cassiterite.
Профиль безопасности
A poison by ingestion,
subcutaneous, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Inhalation absorption
of barium chloride equals 60-80%; oral
absorption equals 10-30%. Experimental
reproductive effects. Mutation data
reported. See also BARIUM
COMPOUNDS (soluble). When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
Хлорид бария препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат