Гидрокарбонат аммония химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Ammonium bicarbonate is a white crystalline solid with a faint ammonia odor and soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol and acetone. It decomposes above 35℃ to ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor, releasing irritant fumes. Only 30% of the applied nitrogen of this fertilizer is recovered by plants owing to the unstable nature of ammonium bicarbonate. that forms by the reaction of anunonium hydroxide and excess CO2.
Физические свойства
White crystalline solid; prismatic crystal; faint odor of ammonia; stable at ambient temperature but decomposes on heating at 60°C; melts at 107.5°C on very rapid heating; density 1.586 g/cm3; vapor pressure 435 torr at 25°C; readily dissolves in water (21.6g/100g at 20°C, and 36.6g/100g at 40°C).
Использование
Ammonium Bicarbonate is a dough strengthener, a leavening agent, a ph control agent, and a texturizer. prepared by reacting gaseous carbon dioxide with aqueous ammonia. crystals of ammo- nium bicarbonate are precipitated from solution and subsequently washed and dried. Also known as hartshorn and rock ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate is soluble in water but decomposes when heated. It was used in place of ammonia when making ammonia-ripened gelatin emulsions.
Общее описание
A white crystalline solid having the odor of ammonia. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used to make other ammonium compounds, in food processing, and for other uses.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Soluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Heat > 36°C ( produces ammonia and carbon dioxide); strong acids and strong bases (CO2 and NH3) [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 141].
Опасность
Evolves irritating fumes on heating to 35C.
Угроза здоровью
Inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Ingestion could be harmful. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.
Breathing Ammonium Bicarbonate can irritate the nose, throat, and lungs causing coughing, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath. No risks to humans are expected from approved uses of ammonium bicarbonate as a pesticide active ingredient. The substance is approved as a food additive by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and as an inert pesticide ingredient by EPA. No toxic endpoints have been identified.
Сельскохозяйственное использование
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is another name for ammonium bicarbonate (NH4CO3), It is a low nitrogen containing fertilizer (17% N), used largely in China. It is produced by heating ammonium hydroxide with excess carbon dioxide, followed by evaporation of water.
Профиль безопасности
Poison by intravenous route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO, and NH3
Возможный контакт
It is used in leavening for some baked
goods; in baking powders and fire extinguishers; to make
dyes and pigments; in the manufacture of porous plastics;
and as an expectorant.
Перевозки
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous
material, Technical Name Required.
Несовместимости
Contact with strong caustics, such as
potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide will cause the
release of ammonia gas. Decomposes as temperature rises
＞35 C.
Утилизация отходов
May be buried in a chemical
waste landfill. If neutralized ammonium bicarbonate is
amenable to treatment at a municipal sewage treatment
plant.
Гидрокарбонат аммония препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат