Properties

Safety Information

Description

Monotropein is an iridoid glycoside originally isolated from M. officinalis roots and has diverse biological activities. It increases cell viability and migration of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1,000 μM. Monotropein inhibits apoptosis and reduces levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-13 in chondrocytes. It inhibits LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and reduces COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Monotropein (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduces colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression, and disease severity in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS; ). It increases bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and improves bone microstructure in ovariectomized mice when administered at doses of 40 or 80 mg/kg. Monotropein (20 and 30 mg/kg) reduces acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. It also decreases macrophage infiltration and wound healing time and increases blood vessel formation in a rat model of wound healing.