3-Hydroxypropionitrile
- CAS No.
- 109-78-4
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Hydroxypropionitrile
- Synonyms
- 2-CYANOETHANOL;HYDRACRYLONITRILE;ETHYLENE CYANOHYDRIN;Hydroxypropanenitrile;3-HYDROXYPROPIONONITRILE;NSC 2598;usafrh-7;beta-Hpn;USAF rh-7;beta-Hpn3
- CBNumber:
- CB0852788
- Molecular Formula:
- C3H5NO
- Molecular Weight:
- 71.08
- MOL File:
- 109-78-4.mol
- MSDS File:
- SDS
- Modify Date:
- 2024/7/26 15:15:06
| Melting point | -46 °C (lit.) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 228 °C (lit.) |
| Density | 1.04 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| vapor density | 2.5 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | <0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| refractive index |
n |
| Flash point | >230 °F |
| storage temp. | Store below +30°C. |
| solubility | diethyl ether: slightly soluble2.3% (w/w) at 15°C(lit.) |
| pka | 13.82±0.10(Predicted) |
| form | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.047 (20/4℃) |
| color | Clear slightly yellow to yellow |
| PH | 3.0-4.5 (H2O, 20℃)(undiluted) |
| explosive limit | 12.1% |
| Water Solubility | >=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC |
| Merck | 14,3794 |
| BRN | 635773 |
| Exposure limits | NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3 |
| Stability | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Reacts with water or steam to release toxic vapours. Reacts violently with acids, amines, inorganic bases. Corrodes mild steel. |
| InChIKey | WSGYTJNNHPZFKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| LogP | -0.94 at 20℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 109-78-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Propanenitrile,3-hydroxy-(109-78-4) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Ethylene cyanohydrin (109-78-4) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |   GHS07,GHS08 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Warning | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H315-H319-H373-H303-H335 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P261-P280a-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501a-P260-P264-P280-P302+P352+P332+P313+P362+P364-P305+P351+P338+P337+P313-P314-P501 | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | Xi | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 36/37/38 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 26-36-24/25 | |||||||||
| RIDADR | 2810 | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 1 | |||||||||
| RTECS | MU5250000 | |||||||||
| F | 8-10 | |||||||||
| Autoignition Temperature | 922 °F | |||||||||
| Hazard Note | Irritant | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29269095 | |||||||||
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 10.0 g/kg (Smyth, Carpenter) | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
3-Hydroxypropionitrile price More Price(13)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 8.18084 | 3-Hydroxypropionitrile for synthesis | 109-78-4 | 100ML | ₹3480 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 8.18084 | 3-Hydroxypropionitrile for synthesis | 109-78-4 | 500ML | ₹6519.99 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 8.18084 | 3-Hydroxypropionitrile for synthesis | 109-78-4 | 25KG | ₹178720.01 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich | 236357 | 3-Hydroxypropionitrile ReagentPlus?, 99% | 109-78-4 | 50G | ₹11312.13 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 236357 | 3-Hydroxypropionitrile ReagentPlus?, 99% | 109-78-4 | 50G | ₹11312.13 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
3-Hydroxypropionitrile Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Chemical Properties
3-Hydroxypropionitrile is an aliphatic nitrile to which a hydroxyl group is attached at the ?-carbon. The nitrogen atom contains a lone pair of electrons, which is largely responsible for the polarization of the C≡N triple bond. Because of the greater electronegativity of nitrogen compared to carbon, nucleophilic compounds can attack the electrophilic carbon atom (Schaefer 1970), although the nitrogen atom is an excellent donor site for complexing with Lewis acids (Sheppard 1970). The hydroxyl functional group on the other end of the molecule is also polar; like the nitrile nitrogen, its oxygen is basic and nucleophilic. Reactions of the -OH group can involve the breaking of either of two bonds: the C-OH bond, with removal of the -OH group; or the O-H bond, with removal of -H. Either kind of reaction can involve substitution, in which a group replaces the -H or -OH, or elimination, in which a double bond is formed (Morrison and Boyd 1973). The aliphatic ethyl group separating the hydroxyl and nitrile groups, by its electron releasing inductive effect, lowers the reactivity of 3-Hydroxypropionitrile in nucleophilic addition reactions (Schaefer 1970) and stabilizes the compound. Apparently, when the hydroxyl group is in the beta position relative to the nitrile group, the compound is not readily hydrolyzed in the body to release cyanide (H?rtung 1982). When heated to decomposition, 3-Hydroxypropionitrile may produce toxic fumes of hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides (Lenga 1985). It will react with water or steam to produce toxic and flammable vapors (Sax 1984).
Occurrence
3-Hydroxypropionitrile does not occur as a natural product. Nevertheless, it may enter natural waters because it is present in concentrations between 2000 and 4000 p.p.m. in polyacrylimide polymers (Ikeda 1978) which are used as coagulants in water and wastewater purification. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile may leach from the polymer and enter the water being treated with the coagulant. Since acrylimide polymers are generally present at concentrations up to 1 p.p.m. during water purification (Sauerhoff et al 1976), if all the 3-Hydroxypropionitrile were extracted from the polymer, the concentration in water might be as high as 4 p.p.b. Fortunately, up to 99% of the 3-Hydroxypropionitrile may be removed by treatment with activated carbon in countercurrent multistage fluidized beds (Sasaoka 1975).
Uses
3-Hydroxypropionitrile has been used as polar solvent to investigate the orientation of the phospholipid at the surface of the polar solvents by neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy and as a reagent for carboxyl protection in peptide synthesis. It has been used also in solid state composite electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Production Methods
3-Hydroxypropionitrile can be prepared by reacting ethylene chlorohydrin with sodium cyanide (Kendall and McKenzie 1923; Britton et al 1941; Fukui et al 1961), by reacting ethylene oxide and hydrogen cyanide in an alkaline medium (Badische Anilin and Soda-Fabrik 1966), or by treating an aqueous solution containing 2.5 vol% acrylonitrile with an alkali catalyst (Howsmon 1962).
General Description
Colorless to yellow-brown liquid with a weak odor. Sinks and mixes with water.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble. Reacts with water and steam to emit highly toxic, flammable vapors.
Reactivity Profile
3-Hydroxypropionitrile reacts violently with mineral acids, amines and inorganic bases. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile also reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, oleum and sodium hydroxide. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, moisture and heat. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is corrosive to mild steel.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion.
Health Hazard
3-Hydroxypropionitrile is considered to be moderately hazardous by ingestion and skin contact, and slightly hazardous by inhalation (Parmeggiani 1983). Although there is no record of industrial poisoning from 3-Hydroxypropionitrile (Williams 1959), the liquid may cause eye irritation, and ingestion of the liquid may cause severe kidney damage (DeRenzo 1986). On the basis of available information, 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is not a carcinogen.
Industrial uses
An 3-Hydroxypropionitrile feedstock was widely used for manufacturing acrylonitrile until an acetylene-based process began to replace it in 1953. Although the maximum use of 3-Hydroxypropionitrile to produce acrylonitrile occurred in 1963, acrylonitrile has not been produced by this route since 1970 (Cholod 1979). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile was also used in the first commercial process for manufacture of acrylic acid and acrylates. However, this route is no longer commercially significant (Cholod 1979). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is a solvent for some cellulose esters and many inorganic salts (Stecher 1976). Basic dyes, as free base or inorganic or organic salt, are dissolved in 3-Hydroxypropionitrile to yield solutions especially useful for dyeing poly-acrylonitrile textiles (Farbenfabriken Bayer 1966). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is added to nitrocellulose propellant compounds to provide a reasonably short cure cycle at room temperature (Lampert 1969). It is a selective washing solvent for the removal of carbon dioxide and other acidic gases from natural and process gas streams (Pure Oil Co. 1966). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile can also be used in the preparation of ?-alanine (Boatwright 1956), and has been used as a foundation fixative for road construction (Hirose et al 1980).
3-Hydroxypropionitrile Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
1of4
chevron_right| Supplier | Tel | Country | ProdList | Advantage | Inquiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divine Pharma | +91-9000986486 +91-9000986486 | Telangana, India | 5 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Sakshi Corporation | 07942539673 | Mumbai, India | 223 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Hindusthan Chemicals Company | 09967511847 | Mumbai, India | 11 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Molecraft LifeSciences Pvt Ltd | +91 (91) 6018-8881 | New Delhi, India | 760 | 0 | Inquiry |
| Clearsynth Labs | 91-22-45045900 | Maharashtra, India | 3889 | 58 | Inquiry |
| HiMedia Laboratories | 91-22-61471919 | Maharashtra, India | 1843 | 58 | Inquiry |
| CHEMSWORTH | +91-261-2397244 | New Delhi, India | 6707 | 30 | Inquiry |
| CLEARSYNTH LABS LTD. | +91-22-45045900 | Hyderabad, India | 6351 | 58 | Inquiry |
| A.J Chemicals | 91-9810153283 | New Delhi, India | 6124 | 58 | Inquiry |
| TCI Chemicals (India) Pvt. Ltd. | 1800 425 7889 | New Delhi, India | 6778 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Supplier | Advantage |
|---|---|
| Divine Pharma | 58 |
| Sakshi Corporation | 58 |
| Hindusthan Chemicals Company | 58 |
| Molecraft LifeSciences Pvt Ltd | 0 |
| Clearsynth Labs | 58 |
| HiMedia Laboratories | 58 |
| CHEMSWORTH | 30 |
| CLEARSYNTH LABS LTD. | 58 |
| A.J Chemicals | 58 |
| TCI Chemicals (India) Pvt. Ltd. | 58 |