PENICILLIN V

PENICILLIN V Properties

Melting point	120-1280C (dec)
Boiling point	681.4±55.0 °C(Predicted)
Density	1.3121 (rough estimate)
refractive index	1.6510 (estimate)
storage temp.	−20°C
solubility	Very slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent).
pka	2.44±0.50(Predicted)
form	A solid
Stability	Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
EPA Substance Registry System	Penicillin V (87-08-1)

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Symbol(GHS)	GHS08
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H317-H334
Precautionary statements	P261-P285-P304+P341-P342+P311-P501-P261-P272-P280-P302+P352-P333+P313-P321-P363-P501
Hazard Codes	Xn
Risk Statements	42/43
Safety Statements	22-36
RTECS	RY4025000
HS Code	29411094
Toxicity	LD50 oral in rat: > 2220mg/kg

PENICILLIN V Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Chemical Properties

Crystalline Solid

Uses

Phenoxymethylpenicillin or penicillin V is acid-resistant and used instead of penicillin G for oral use. It is active with respect to Gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus), and Gram-negative (meningococcus, gonococcus) cocci, spirochaeta, clostridia, and corynebacteria.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is used for bronchitis, pneumonia, angina, scarlet fever, gonorrhea, syphilis, purulent skin and soft-tissue wounds, and other infectious diseases. Synonyms of this drug are bermycin, isocillin, cristapen, fenospen, uticillin, and others.

Application

Phenoxymethylpenicillin was produced in the culture broth of Penicillium chrysogenum when phenoxyacetic acid was added to the medium at Biochemie in 1953. It is more stable against acid than benzylpenicillin and is used as an orally active penicillin. Its therapeutic applications are the same as those of benzylpenicillin.

Antimicrobial activity

The antibacterial spectrum and level of activity are similar to that of benzylpenicillin. Enteric Gram-negative bacilli are highly resistant.

General Description

White crystalline powder.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Stable in air up to 37%; relatively stable to acid. PENICILLIN V is incompatible with acids, oxidizing agents (especially in the presence of trace metals), heavy metal ions such as copper, lead, zinc and mercury; glycerol, sympathomimetic amines, thiomersal, wood alcohols, cetostearyl alcohol, hard paraffins, macrogols, cocoa butter and many ionic an nonionic surface-active agents. PENICILLIN V is also incompatible with alkalis, compounds leached from vulcanized rubber, hydrochlorides of tetracyclines and organic peroxides. Other incompatibilities include reducing agents, alcohols, other hydroxy compounds, self-emulsifying stearyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, lanolin, crude cholinesterated bases, glycol, sugars, amines, aminacrine hydrochloride, ephedrine, procaine, rubber tubing, thiamine hydrochloride, zinc oxide, oxidized cellulose, iodine, iodides, thiols, chlorocresol and resorcinol. PENICILLIN V may also be incompatible with naphthalene oils and vitamin B.

Health Hazard

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to PENICILLIN V include hypersensitization, skin rashes, contact dermatitis, oral lesions, fever, eosinophilia, interstitial nephritis, angioedema, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, "Arthus" phenomenon; irritation of the Gastrointestinal tract; phlebitis; bronchoconstriction with severe asthma, or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, extreme weakness and fall in blood pressure, diarrhea, and purpuric skin eruptions.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for PENICILLIN V are not available; however PENICILLIN V is probably combustible.

Pharmacokinetics

Oral absorption: 40–70%
C_max 250 mg oral: 2 mg/L after 1 h
Plasma half-life: c. 0.5 h
Volume of distribution: 0.2 L/kg
Plasma protein binding: 80%
Absorption
Owing to acid stability, it is not destroyed in the stomach, but absorption is variable, about 30% remaining in the feces. Absorption is better after administration in the fasting state.
Metabolism and excretion
It is fairly extensively metabolized and degraded in the bowel. Some 60% of the dose is excreted in the urine, 25% in the unchanged form and the remainder as metabolites.

Clinical Use

In 1948, Behrens et al. reported penicillin V, phenoxymethylpenicillin(Pen Vee, V-Cillin) as a biosyntheticproduct. It was not until 1953, however, that its clinicalvalue was recognized by some European scientists. Sincethen, it has enjoyed wide use because of its resistance tohydrolysis by gastric juice and its ability to produce uniformconcentrations in blood (when administered orally). Thefree acid requires about 1,200 mL of water to dissolve 1 g, and it has an activity of 1,695 units/mg. For parenteralsolutions, the potassium salt is usually used. This salt is verysoluble in water. Solutions of it are made from the dry saltat the time of administration. Oral dosage forms of thepotassium salt are also available, providing rapid, effectiveplasma concentrations of this penicillin. The salt of phenoxymethylpenicillinwith N,N'-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine(hydrabamine, Compocillin-V) provides a verylong-acting form of this compound. Its high water insolubilitymakes it a desirable compound for aqueous suspensionsused as liquid oral dosage forms.

Side effects

Those common to penicillins. As with all penicillins, patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins should be treated cautiously, as serious anaphylactic responses may occur.

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: impaired liver function, dermatitis, fever. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.

PENICILLIN V Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

Amoxicillin Penicillin V sodium

PENICILLIN V Suppliers

Global( 68)Suppliers

Supplier	Tel	Country	ProdList	Advantage	Inquiry
GRK RESEARCH LABORATORIES PVT LTD	+91-8249607014 +91-9849401944	Hyderabad, India	205	58	Inquiry
CLEARSYNTH LABS LTD.	+91-22-45045900	Hyderabad, India	6351	58	Inquiry
Pharmaffiliates Analytics and Synthetics P. Ltd	+91-172-5066494	Haryana, India	6773	58	Inquiry
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	+8615255079626	China	23556	58	Inquiry
Dideu Industries Group Limited	+86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250	China	24200	58	Inquiry
AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED	+86-0571-85134551	China	15395	58	Inquiry
Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd.	571-88938639 +8617705817739	China	52861	58	Inquiry
Nanjing Shizhou Biology Technology Co.,Ltd	13675144456	China	10787	58	Inquiry
United States Biological	800.520.3011 or 781.639.5092	United States	6256	80	Inquiry
Mitsubishi Chemical Europe GmbH	49-211-5205410	Germany	1252	58	Inquiry

Supplier	Advantage
GRK RESEARCH LABORATORIES PVT LTD	58
CLEARSYNTH LABS LTD.	58
Pharmaffiliates Analytics and Synthetics P. Ltd	58
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	58
Dideu Industries Group Limited	58
AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED	58
Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd.	58
Nanjing Shizhou Biology Technology Co.,Ltd	58
United States Biological	80
Mitsubishi Chemical Europe GmbH	58

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(2s-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-enoxyacetyl)amino) 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenyloxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan 6-phenoxyacetamido-penicillanicaci 6-phenoxyacetamidopenicillanicacid acipenv apopen calcipen compocillinv crystapenv distaquainev e-2-carboxylicacid eskacillianv eskacillinv fenacilin fenospen henoxyacetamido)- meropenin oracillin oratren ospen penicillin,phenoxymethyl penicillinphenoxymethyl pen-oral pen-v pen-vee phenocillin phenomycilline phenopenicillin phenoxymethylenepenicillinicacid phenoxymethylpenicillinicacid p-mega-tablinen rocilin PENICILLIN V (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic Acid Oracilline Phenospen 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenoxyacetamido)- (8CI) 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-, (2S,5R,6R)- (9CI) 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-, [2S-(2a,5a,6b)]- Orocillin Pen-vee-oral V-Cilin penicillin U Penicillin V (200 mg) stabicillin v-cil v-cylina v-cyline vebecillin v-tablopen Phenoxymethylpenicillin Standard Phenoxymethylpenicillin CRS 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenoxyacetyl)amino]-, (2S,5R,6R)- PENICILLIN V USP/EP/BP Phenoxymethylpenicillin for system suitability(Y0001868) Penicillin V (1504489) phenoxymethylpenicillin v-cillin