Furfural
- CAS No.
- 98-01-1
- Chemical Name:
- Furfural
- Synonyms
- Furan-2-carbaldehyde;2-FURANCARBOXALDEHYDE;2-FURALDEHYDE;2-Furfural;Furol;FURALDEHYDE;FURFURALDEHYDE;furfurol;2-FURANCARBOXYALDEHYDE;FCHO
- CBNumber:
- CB9182277
- Molecular Formula:
- C5H4O2
- Molecular Weight:
- 96.08
- MOL File:
- 98-01-1.mol
- MSDS File:
- SDS
- Modify Date:
- 2024/7/24 17:31:20
| Melting point | -36 °C (lit.) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 162 °C (lit.) |
| Density | 1.16 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| vapor density | 3.31 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 13.5 mm Hg ( 55 °C) |
| refractive index |
n |
| FEMA | 2489 | FURFURAL |
| Flash point | 137 °F |
| storage temp. | Store below +30°C. |
| solubility | 95% ethanol: soluble1ML/mL, clear |
| form | Liquid |
| color | very deep brown |
| Odor | at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. sweet woody almond fragrant baked bread |
| PH | >=3.0 (50g/l, 25℃) |
| explosive limit | 2.1-19.3%(V) |
| Odor Type | bready |
| Water Solubility | 8.3 g/100 mL |
| FreezingPoint | -36.5℃ |
| Sensitive | Air Sensitive |
| Merck | 14,4304 |
| JECFA Number | 450 |
| BRN | 105755 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 1.52(x 10-6 atm?m3/mol) at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure) |
| Exposure limits | NIOSH REL: IDLH 100 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 ppm (adopted). |
| Dielectric constant | 41.9（20℃） |
| Stability | Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Flammable. |
| LogP | 0.41 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 98-01-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 3 (Vol. 63) 1995 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | 2-Furancarboxaldehyde(98-01-1) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Furfural (98-01-1) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |    GHS02,GHS06,GHS08 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H226-H301-H312-H315-H319-H330-H335-H351-H412 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P210-P273-P280-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338 | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | T,Xi | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 21-23/25-36/37-40-36/37/38 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 26-36/37/39-45-1/2-36/37 | |||||||||
| RIDADR | UN 1199 6.1/PG 2 | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 2 | |||||||||
| RTECS | LT7000000 | |||||||||
| F | 1-8-10 | |||||||||
| Autoignition Temperature | 599 °F &_& 599 °F | |||||||||
| Hazard Note | Irritant | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| HS Code | 2932 12 00 | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 6.1 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | II | |||||||||
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 127 mg/kg (Jenner) | |||||||||
| IDLA | 100 ppm | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Furfural price More Price(31)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | W248924 | Furfural natural, ≥98%, FCC, FG | 98-01-1 | 1SAMPLE-K | ₹5347.55 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | W248924 | Furfural natural, ≥98%, FCC, FG | 98-01-1 | 1KG | ₹11182.23 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | W248924 | Furfural natural, ≥98%, FCC, FG | 98-01-1 | 10KG | ₹60360.2 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | W248908 | Furfural ≥98%, FCC, FG | 98-01-1 | 1SAMPLE-K | ₹5141.88 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | W248908 | Furfural ≥98%, FCC, FG | 98-01-1 | 1KG | ₹6743.98 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Furfural Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description
Furfural is a colourless to amber-like oily liquid with an almond-like odour. On exposure to light and air, it turns reddish brown. Furfural is used in making chemicals, as a solvent in petroleum refining, a fungicide, and a weed killer. It is incompatible with strong acids, oxidisers, and strong alkalis. It undergoes polymerisation on contact with strong acids or strong alkalis. Furfural is produced commercially by the acid hydrolysis of pentosan polysaccharides from non-food residues of food crops and wood wastes. It is used widely as a solvent in petroleum refining, in the production of phenolic resins, and in a variety of other applications. Human exposure to furfural occurs during its production and use, as a result of its natural occurrence in many foods and from the combustion of coal and wood.
Chemical Properties
Furfural is a colorless to yellow aromatic het erocyclic aldehyde with an almond-like odor. Turns amber on exposure to light and air.
Physical properties
Colorless to yellow liquid with an almond-like odor. Turns reddish brown on exposure to light and air. Odor and taste thresholds are 0.4 and 4 ppm, respectively (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992). Shaw et al. (1970) reported a taste threshold in water of 80 ppm.
Occurrence
Reported found in several essential oils from plants of the Pinaceae family, in the essential oil from Cajenne linaloe, in the oil from leaves of Trifolium pratense and Trifolium incarnatum, in the distillation waters of several essential oils, such as ambrettee and angelica seeds, in Ceylon cinnamon essential oil, in petitgrain oil, ylang-ylang, lavender, lemongrass, calamus, eucalyptus, neroli, sandalwood, tobacco leaves and others Also reported found in many foods including apple, apricot, citrus peel oils and juices, berries, guava, grapes, pineapple, asparagus, kohlrabi, celery, onion, leek, potato, tomato, cinnamon, mustard, bread, cheeses, meats, fsh, cognac, rum, whiskies, cider, grape wine, cocoa, coffee, tea, barley, peanuts, popcorn, pecans, oats, honey, soybeans, passion fruit, plums, mushroom, mango, tamarind, fruit brandies, whiskey malt, white bread, rum, bourbon, cardamom, coriander seed, calamus, corn oil, malt, wort and other sources
Uses
In the manufacture of furfural-phenol plastics such as Durite; in solvent refining of petroleum oils; in the preparation of pyromucic acid. As a solvent for nitrated cotton, cellulose acetate, and gums; in the manufacture of varnishes; for accelerating vulcanization; as insecticide, fungicide, germicide; as reagent in analytical chemistry. In the synthesis of furan derivatives.
Production Methods
Furfural is obtained commercially by treating pentosan-rich agricultural residues (corncobs, oat hulls, cottonseed hulls, bagasse, rice hulls) with a dilute acid and removing the furfural by steam distillation. Major industrial uses of furfuraldehyde include: (1) the production of furans and tetrahydrofurans where the compound is an intermediate; (2) the solvent refining of petroleum and rosin products; (3) the solvent binding of bonded phenolic products; and (4) the extractive distillation of butadiene from other C4 hydrocarbons.
When pentoses, e.g., arabinose, xylose, are heated with dilute HCl, furfuraldehyde is formed, recognizable by deep red coloration with phloroglucinol, or by the formation, with phenylhydrazine, of furfuraldehyde phenylhydrazone C4H3O·CH : NNHC6H5, solid, mp 97 °C.
Preparation
Industrially prepared from pentosans that are contained in cereal straws and brans; these materials are previously digested with diluted H2SO4, and the formed furfural steam is distilled.
Definition
furfural: A colourless liquid,C5H4O2, b.p. 162°C, which darkenson standing in air. It is the aldehydederivative of furan and occurs invarious essential oils and in fuseloil. It is used as a solvent for extractingmineral oils and natural resinsand itself forms resins with somearomatic compounds.
Reactions
Aside from a darkening in color, furfural is relatively stable thermally and does not exhibit changes in physical properties after prolonged heating up to 230°C. The reactions of furfural are typical of those of the aromatic aldehydes, although some complex side reactions occur because of the reactive ring. Furfural yields acetals, condenses with active methylene compounds, reacts with Grignard reagents, and provides a bisulfite complex. Upon reduction, furfural yields furfural alcohol; upon oxidation, it yields furoic acid. It can be decarbonylated to furan.
General Description
Colorless or reddish-brown mobile liquids with a penetrating odor. Flash points 140°F. Denser than water and soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. May be toxic by ingestion, skin absorption or inhalation.
Air & Water Reactions
Flammable. Furfural is sensitive to light and air. Soluble in water, with mixing.
Reactivity Profile
Furfural reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Furfural also can react with strong oxidizers. An exothermic resinification of almost explosive violence can occur upon contact with strong mineral acids or alkalis. Furfural forms condensation products with many types of compounds, including phenol, amines and urea. .
Hazard
Absorbed by skin; irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Toxic by skin absorption; questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Vapor may irritate eyes and respiratory system. Liquid irritates skin and may cause dermatitis.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors are generated when heated
Industrial uses
Also known as furfuraldehyde, furol, and pyromuclealdehyde,furfural is a yellowish liquidwith an aromatic odor, soluble in water and inalcohol, but not in petroleum hydrocarbons. Onexposure, it darkens and gradually decomposes.Furfural occurs in different forms in variousplant life and is obtained from complex carbohydratesknown as pentosans, which occur insuch agricultural wastes as cornstalks, corncobs,straw, oat husks, peanut shells, bagasse,and rice. Furfural is used for making syntheticplastics, as a plasticizer in other synthetic resins,as a preservative in weed killers, and as aselective solvent especially for removing aromaticand sulfur compounds from lubricatingoils. It is also used for the making of butadiene,adiponitrile, and other chemicals.
Various derivatives of furfural are not used,and these, known collectively as furans, are nowmade synthetically from formaldehyde andacetylene, which react to form butyl nedole.
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen. Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation and sktn contact. Human mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. Mutation data reported. The liquid is dangerous to the eyes. The vapor is irritating to mucous membranes and is a central nervous system poison. However, its low volatility reduces its toxicity effect. Ingestion of furfural has produced cirrhosis of the liver in rats. In industry there is a tendency to minimize the danger of acute effects resulting from exposure to it. This is particularly true because of its low volathty. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. An exothermic polymerization of almost explosive violence can occur upon contact with strong mineral acids or alkalies. Keep away from heat and open flames. Mixture with sodium hydrogen carbonate ignites spontaneously. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Potential Exposure
Furfural is used for lube oil refining and butadiene extraction; as a solvent for wood resin, nitrated cotton, cellulose acetate, and gums; in the produc tion of phenolic plastics, thermosetting resins, refined petroleum oils, dyes, and varnishes; in the manufacture of pyromucic acid, vulcanized rubber, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, germicides, furan derivatives, polymers, and other organic chemicals.
Carcinogenicity
The IARC evaluated furfural and determined that there was inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of furfural. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of furfural.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Under nitrate-reducing and methanogenic conditions, furfural biodegraded to
methane and carbon dioxide (Knight et al., 1990). In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d
adaptation period, 96.3% COD removal was achieved. The average rate of biodegradation was
37.0 mg COD/g?h (Pitter, 1976).
Photolytic. Atkinson (1985) reported an estimated photooxidation half-life of 10.5 h for the
reaction of furfural with OH radicals in the atmosphere.
Chemical/Physical. Slowly resinifies at room temperature (Windholz et al., 1983). May
polymerize on contact with strong acids or strong alkalies (NIOSH, 1997).
Shipping
UN1199 Furaldehyde, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 3-Flammable liquid.
Incompatibilities
May form explosive mixture with air. Acids and bases can cause polymerization, causing fire or explosion hazard. Reacts violently with oxidants. Incompatible with strong acids; caustics, ammonia, ali phatic amines; alkanolamines, alromatic amines; oxidizers. Attacks many plastics.
Waste Disposal
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transpor tation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Furfural Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
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chevron_right| Supplier | Tel | Country | ProdList | Advantage | Inquiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLR Innovations | +91 9891111994 | New Delhi, India | 4542 | 58 | Inquiry |
| CLEARSYNTH LABS LTD. | +91-22-45045900 | Mumbai, India | 66 | 58 | Inquiry |
| UNILOSA INTERNATINAL PRIVATE LIMITED | +91-9999069917 +91-9999069917 | New Delhi, India | 152 | 58 | Inquiry |
| JSK Chemicals | +919879767970 | Gujarat, India | 3756 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Dikora Bulk Drug Pvt. Ltd. | +91-7588687403 +91-7588687403 | Maharashtra, India | 26 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Galaxy Laboratories Private Limited | +91-9850500858 +91-9850500858 | Maharashtra, India | 15 | 58 | Inquiry |
| HiMedia Laboratories | 91-22-61471919 | Maharashtra, India | 1843 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Galaxy Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. | 91-240-2376105 | Maharashtra, India | 11 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Synthink Research Chemicals | 09158051123 | Pune, India | 398 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Al-Jamia Enterprises | 91-120-3146715 | Uttar Pradesh, India | 87 | 58 | Inquiry |
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