Hydroquinone
- CAS No.
- 123-31-9
- Chemical Name:
- Hydroquinone
- Synonyms
- HQ;QUINOL;Dihydroquinone;1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE;HYDROQUINON;Hidroquinone;p-Hydroquinone;HYDROXYQUINOL;1,4-HYDROQUINONE;Hydrochinon
- CBNumber:
- CB6717931
- Molecular Formula:
- C6H6O2
- Molecular Weight:
- 110.11
- MOL File:
- 123-31-9.mol
- MSDS File:
- SDS
- Modify Date:
- 2024/6/27 9:38:23
| Melting point | 172-175 °C(lit.) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 285 °C(lit.) |
| Density | 1.32 |
| vapor density | 3.81 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 1 mm Hg ( 132 °C) |
| refractive index | 1.6320 |
| Flash point | 165 °C |
| storage temp. | Store below +30°C. |
| solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear |
| form | Needle-Like Crystals or Crystalline Powder |
| pka | 10.35(at 20℃) |
| color | White to off-white |
| Odor | odorless |
| Water Solubility | 70 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Sensitive | Air & Light Sensitive |
| Merck | 14,4808 |
| BRN | 605970 |
| Henry's Law Constant | (x 10-9 atm?m3/mol): <2.07 at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure) |
| Exposure limits | NIOSH REL: 15-min ceiling 2, IDLH 50; OSHA PEL: TWA 2; ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 (adopted). |
| Stability | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, oxygen, ferric salts. Light and air-sensitive. Discolours in air. |
| InChIKey | QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| LogP | 0.59 at 20℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 123-31-9(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 3 (Vol. 15, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Hydroquinone(123-31-9) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Hydroquinone (123-31-9) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |     GHS05,GHS07,GHS08,GHS09 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H302-H318-H341-H351-H410 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P202-P273-P280-P301+P312-P305+P351+P338-P308+P313 | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | Xn,N | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 22-40-41-43-50-68-R68-R50-R43-R41-R40-R22 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 26-36/37/39-61-S61-S36/37/39-S26 | |||||||||
| RIDADR | 2662 | |||||||||
| OEL | Ceiling: 2 mg/m3 [15-minute] | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 3 | |||||||||
| RTECS | MX3500000 | |||||||||
| Autoignition Temperature | 930 °F | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 9 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | III | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29072210 | |||||||||
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 320 mg/kg (Woodard) | |||||||||
| IDLA | 50 mg/m3 | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Hydroquinone price More Price(33)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | H9003 | Hydroquinone ReagentPlus?, ≥99% | 123-31-9 | 100G | ₹4265.05 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | PHR1469 | Hydroquinone Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material | 123-31-9 | 1G | ₹9201.25 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | H9003 | Hydroquinone ReagentPlus?, ≥99% | 123-31-9 | 500G | ₹7599.15 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | NMIQNMR012 | Hydroquinone NMI Australia | 123-31-9 | 500MG | ₹19982.95 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | H9003 | Hydroquinone ReagentPlus?, ≥99% | 123-31-9 | 1KG | ₹9720.85 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Hydroquinone Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description
Hydroquinone (HQ) is produced by the oxidation of aniline or phenol, by the reduction of quinone, or from a reaction of acetylene and carbon monoxide. Hydroquinone occurs naturally as a glucose ether, also known as arbutin, in the leaves of many plants and in fruits, as well as one of the agents used in the defense mechanism of the bombardier beetle, family Carabidae.
Chemical Properties
Hydroquinone, a colorless, hexagonal prism, has been reported to be a good antimitotic and tumor-inhibiting agent. It is a reducing agent used in a photographic developer, which polymerizes in the presence of oxidizing agents. In the manufacturing industry it may occur include bacteriostatic agent, drug, fur processing, motor fuel, paint, organic chemicals, plastics, stone coating, and styrene monomers.
Physical properties
Colorless to pale brown, odorless, hexagonal crystals
Uses
hydroquinone is a pigment-lightening agent used in bleaching creams. Hydroquinone combines with oxygen very rapidly and becomes brown when exposed to air. Although it occurs naturally, the synthetic version is the one commonly used in cosmetics. Application to the skin may cause allergic reaction and increase skin sun sensitivity. Hydroquinone is potentially carcinogenic and is associated with causing ochronosis, a discoloration of the skin. The u.S. FDA has banned hydroquinone from oTC cosmetic formulations, but allows 4 percent in prescription products. Its use in cosmetics is prohibited in some european countries and in Australia.
Production Methods
There are three current manufacturing processes for HQ:
oxidative cleavage of diisopropylbenzene, oxidation of aniline,
and hydroxylation of phenol.
Diisopropylbenzene is air oxidized to the intermediate
diisopropylbenzene bishydroperoxide. This hydroperoxide
is purified by extraction and reacted further to form
hydroquinone. The purified product is isolated by filtration
and packaged. The process can be almost entirely closed,
continuous, computer-controlled, and monitored.
HQcan also be prepared by oxidizing aniline to quinone in
the presence of manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid.
p-Benzoquinone is then reduced to HQ using iron oxide.
The resulting hydroquinone is crystallized and dried.
The process occurs in a closed system.
HQis also manufactured by hydroxylation of phenol using
hydrogen peroxide as a hydroxylation agent. The reaction is
catalyzed by strong mineral acids or ferrous or cobalt salts.
Indications
Hydroquinone interferes with the production of the pigment melanin by epidermal melanocytes through at least two mechanisms: it competitively inhibits tyrosinase, one of the principal enzymes responsible for converting tyrosine to melanin, and it selectively damages melanocytes and melanosomes (the organelles within which melanin is stored).
Definition
ChEBI: A benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Hydroquinone was introduced in 1965 as a topical depigmenting agent for hyperpigmentation. At high concentrations hydroquinone is corrosive and in most countries has been restricted to the level of approximately 2% and limited to the period of less than 2 months. Additional consideration for restrictive action is that animal experiments have also demonstrated carcinogenic and mutagenic potential of hydroquinone.
General Description
Light colored crystals or solutions. May irritate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Mildly toxic by ingestion or skin absorption.
Air & Water Reactions
Darkens on exposure to air and light. Miscible in water. Solutions become brown in air due to oxidation. Oxidation is very rapid in the presence of alkali.
Reactivity Profile
Hydroquinone is a slight explosion hazard when exposed to heat. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with bases. Hydroquinone reacts with oxygen and sodium hydroxide. Reacts with ferric salts . Hot and/or concentrated NaOH can cause Hydroquinone to decompose exothermically at elevated temperature. (NFPA Pub. 491M, 1975, 385)
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Hydroquinone is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 150 lb. person. It is irritating but not corrosive. Fatal human doses have ranged from 5-12 grams, but 300-500 mg have been ingested daily for 3-5 months without ill effects. Death is apparently initiated by respiratory failure or anoxia.
Fire Hazard
Dust cloud may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Hydroquinone can react with oxidizing materials and is rapidly oxidized in the presence of alkaline materials. Oxidizes in air.
Contact allergens
Hydroquinone is used in photography developers (black and white, X-ray, and microfilms), in plastics, in hair dyes as an antioxidant and hair colorant. Hydroquinone is found in many skin bleaching creams.
Clinical Use
Hydroquinone is applied topically to treat disorders characterized by excessive melanin in the epidermis, such as melasma. In the United States, nonprescription skin-lightening products contain hydroquinone at concentrations of 2% or less; higher concentrations are available by prescription.
Side effects
The incidence of adverse effects with hydroquinone increases in proportion to its concentration. A relatively common side effect is local irritation, which may actually exacerbate the discoloration of the skin being treated. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs less commonly. A rare but more serious complication is exogenous ochronosis, in which a yellow-brown pigment deposited in the dermis results in blue-black pigmentation of the skin that may be permanent.
Carcinogenicity
No case reports of cancer associated with HQ exposure have been published.
Purification Methods
Crystallise quinol from acetone, *benzene, EtOH, EtOH/*benzene, water or acetonitrile (25g in 30mL), preferably under nitrogen. Dry it under vacuum. [Wolfenden et al. J Am Chem Soc 109 463 1987, Beilstein 6 H 836, 6 IV 5712.]
Hydroquinone Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
1of3
chevron_rightPreparation Products
1of8
chevron_right| Supplier | Tel | Country | ProdList | Advantage | Inquiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sheetalchemicals | +91-9820130159 +91-9820130159 | Maharashtra, India | 77 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Soham Chemical Industries | +91-7016081644 +91-7016081644 | Mumbai, India | 83 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Sagar Speciality Chemicals Private Limited | +91-9619603699 +91-9619603699 | Maharashtra, India | 48 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Cefa-Cilinas Biotics Pvt Ltd | +91-7875033155 +91-8080701561 | Maharashtra, India | 121 | 58 | Inquiry |
| JSK Chemicals | +919879767970 | Gujarat, India | 3756 | 58 | Inquiry |
| PANCHSHEEL ORGANICS LTD | +91-9821053955 +91-9324201019 | Mumbai, India | 82 | 58 | Inquiry |
| SOLFYN INTERNATIONAL LLP | +91-9321772608 +91-9321772608 | Mumbai, India | 105 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Gajanan Enterprises | +91-8422892201 +91-8422892201 | Maharashtra, India | 8 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Merck Ltd | +91-2262109800 +91-2262109000 | Maharashtra, India | 272 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Amuna Pharmaceuticals LLP | +91-7940397667 +91-8700823105 | Gujarat, India | 14 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Supplier | Advantage |
|---|---|
| sheetalchemicals | 58 |
| Soham Chemical Industries | 58 |
| Sagar Speciality Chemicals Private Limited | 58 |
| Cefa-Cilinas Biotics Pvt Ltd | 58 |
| JSK Chemicals | 58 |
| PANCHSHEEL ORGANICS LTD | 58 |
| SOLFYN INTERNATIONAL LLP | 58 |
| Gajanan Enterprises | 58 |
| Merck Ltd | 58 |
| Amuna Pharmaceuticals LLP | 58 |
Related articles
- Adverse effects of Hydroquinone
- Hydroquinone (HQ) is regarded as the gold standard for the treatment of disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma. It c....
- Mar 3，2022
- Hydroquinone-Skin lightening and Controversy
- Hydroquinone exists in stems, leaves and juices of many plants in nature, is a chemical substance with a wide range of uses wi....
- Oct 9，2019
Related Qustion
- Q:Why is Hydroquinone prohibited in skincare cosmetic products?
- A:Hydroquinone and mercury are ingredients added to skin-lightening products to limit the skin's production of melanin.
- Jun 27，2024
123-31-9(Hydroquinone)Related Search:
1of4
chevron_right