Methanol
- CAS No.
- 67-56-1
- Chemical Name:
- Methanol
- Synonyms
- jiachun;Methyl alcohol;CH3OH;Carbinol;metanol;ACID RED;Methanol dried;METHYL RED INDICATOR;METHYL RED MIXED SOLUTION;METHYL RED, SPIRIT SOLUBLE
- CBNumber:
- CB7854099
- Molecular Formula:
- CH4O
- Molecular Weight:
- 32.04
- MOL File:
- 67-56-1.mol
- MSDS File:
- SDS
- Modify Date:
- 2024/7/2 14:09:54
| Melting point | -98 °C(lit.) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 65.4 °C(lit.) |
| Density | 0.791 g/mL at 25 °C |
| vapor density | 1.11 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 410 mm Hg ( 50 °C) |
| refractive index |
n |
| Flash point | 52 °F |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | benzene: miscible(lit.) |
| pka | 15.2(at 25℃) |
| form | Liquid Free From Particulates |
| Specific Gravity | 0.793 (20/20℃) |
| color | <10(APHA) |
| Relative polarity | 0.762 |
| Odor | Faint alcohol odor detectable at 4 to 6000 ppm (mean = 160 ppm) |
| explosive limit | 5.5-44%(V) |
| Odor Threshold | 33ppm |
| Water Solubility | miscible |
| λmax |
λ: 210 nm Amax: 0.50 λ: 220 nm Amax: 0.30 λ: 230 nm Amax: 0.15 λ: 235 nm Amax: 0.10 λ: 240 nm Amax: 0.05 λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01 λ: 400 nm Amax: 0.01 |
| Merck | 14,5957 |
| BRN | 1098229 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 4.99 at 25 °C (headspace-GC, Gupta et al., 2000) |
| Exposure limits | TLV-TWA (200 ppm) (ACGIH), 260mg/m3, 1040mg/m3 (800 ppm) 15minutes (NIOSH); STEL 310mg/m3 (250 ppm); IDLH 25,000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Dielectric constant | 33.6（20℃） |
| LogP | -0.770 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 67-56-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Methyl alcohol(67-56-1) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Methanol (67-56-1) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |    GHS02,GHS06,GHS08 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H225-H301+H311+H331-H370 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P210-P280-P301+P310+P330-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P311 | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | Xn,T,F | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 10-20/21/22-68/20/21/22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-40-36-36/38-23/25 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 36/37-7-45-16-24/25-23-24-26 | |||||||||
| OEB | A | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), STEL: 250 ppm (325 mg/m3) [skin] | |||||||||
| RIDADR | UN 1170 3/PG 2 | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 1 | |||||||||
| RTECS | PC1400000 | |||||||||
| F | 3-10 | |||||||||
| Autoignition Temperature | 385 °C | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| HS Code | 2905 11 00 | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 3 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | II | |||||||||
| Toxicity | LD50 oral (rat) 5628 mg/kg LD50 skin (rabbit) 15,840 mg/kg LC50 inhal (rat) >145,000 ppm (1 h) PEL (OSHA) 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 200 ppm (260 mg/m3)—skin STEL (ACGIH) 250 ppm (328 mg/m3) |
|||||||||
| IDLA | 6,000 ppm | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Methanol price More Price(190)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | RTC000076 | Methanol Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material | 67-56-1 | 20ML | ₹11723.78 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | PHR1372 | Methanol Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material | 67-56-1 | 3X1.5ML | ₹7860.38 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | M1775 | Methanol Absolute - Acetone free | 67-56-1 | 1GAL | ₹9381.08 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | CRM40909 | alpha & beta-Thujone solution certified reference material, 2000?μg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1?mL | 67-56-1 | 1ML | ₹9323.3 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 900688 | Methanol UHPLC, suitable for mass spectrometry (MS) | 67-56-1 | 1L | ₹9411.9 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Methanol Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description
Methyl alcohol, also known as methanol or wood alcohol, is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid
that is the simplest alcohol.
World production of methanol is approximately 8.5 billion gallons annually. Methanol
is produced industrially, starting with the production of synthesis gas or syngas. Syngas used
in the production of methyl alcohol is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen formed
when natural gas reacts with steam or oxygen. Methyl alcohol is then synthesized
from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
Methyl alcohol is poisonous and is commonly used to denature ethyl alcohol. Methanol
poisoning results from ingestion, inhalation of methanol vapors, or absorption through
the skin. Methanol is transformed in the body to formaldehyde (H2CO) by the enzyme
alcohol dehydrogenase.The formaldehyde is then metabolized to formic acid (HCOOH)by aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Chemical Properties
Methanol is a clear, water-white liquid with a mild odor at ambient temperatures.The air odor threshold for methanol has been reported as 100 ppm . Others have reported that 2000 or 5900 ppm methanol is barely detectable .
Physical properties
Clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor. Odor threshold concentrations ranged from 8.5 ppbv (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990) to 100.0 ppmv (Leonardos et al., 1969). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 5.5 mg/m3 (4.2 ppmv) and 69 mg/m3 (53 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).
History
It was first isolated in 1661 by the Irish chemist Robert Boyle (1627–1691) who prepared it by the destructive distillation of boxwood, giving it the name spirit of box, and the name wood alcohol is still used for methyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol is also called pyroxylic spirit; pyroxylic is a general term meaning distilled from wood and indicates that methyl alcohol is formed during pyrolysis of wood. The common name was derived in the mid-1800s. The name methyl denotes the single carbon alkane methane in which a hydrogen atom has been removed to give the methyl radical. The word alcohol is derived from Arabic al kuhul.
Uses
Methylalcohol, CH30H, also known as methanol or wood alcohol, is a colorless, toxic, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 64.6 °C(147 °F). The principal toxic effect is on the nervous system,particularly the retinae. Methyl alcoholis miscible in all proportions with water,ethyl alcohol, and ether. It burns with a light blue flame producing water and carbon dioxide. This vapor forms an explosive mixture(6.0 to 36.5% by volume) with air. Methyl alcohol is an important inexpensive raw material that is synthetically produced for the organic chemical industry. Nearly half of the methyl alcohol manufactured is used in the production of formaldehyde. Other uses of methyl alcohol are as an antifreeze and fuel for automobiles and as an intermediate in the production of synthetic protein.
Production Methods
Modern industrial-scale methanol production is exclusively based on synthesis from pressurized mixtures of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide gases in the presence of catalysts. Based on production volume, methanol has become one of the largest commodity chemicals produced in the world.
Definition
ChEBI: Methanol is the primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. It has a role as an amphiprotic solvent, a fuel, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite. It is an alkyl alcohol, a one-carbon compound, a volatile organic compound and a primary alcohol. It is a conjugate acid of a methoxide.
Reactions
Methyl alcohol is a versatile material, reacting (1) with sodium metal, forming sodium methylate, sodium methoxide CH3ONa plus hydrogen gas, (2) with phosphorus chloride, bromide, iodide, forming methyl chloride, bromide, iodide, respectively, (3) with H2SO4 concentrated, forming dimethyl ether (CH3)2O, (4) with organic acids, warmed in the presence of H2SO4, forming esters, e.g., methyl acetate CH3COOCH3, [CAS: 79-20-9], methyl salicylate C6H4(OH)·COOCH3, possessing characteristic odors, (5) with magnesium methyl iodide in anhydrous ether (Grignard’s solution), forming methane as in the case of primary alcohols, (6) with calcium chloride, forming a solid addition compound 4CH3OH·CaCl2, which is decomposed by H2O, (7) with oxygen, in the presence of heated smooth copper or silver forming formaldehyde. The density of pure methyl alcohol is 0.792 at 20 °C compared with H2O at 4 °C (the corresponding figure for ethyl alcohol is 0.789), and the percentage of methyl alcohol present in a methyl alcohol-water solution may be determined from the density of the sample.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Methanol has been subjected to abuse by consumption as a substitute for ethanol. Its toxic metabolites cause irreversible blindness and severe metabolic acidosis, and are ultimately fatal. Methanol continues to be used as an industrial solvent.
General Description
A colorless fairly volatile liquid with a faintly sweet pungent odor like that of ethyl alcohol. Completely mixes with water. The vapors are slightly heavier than air and may travel some distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Any accumulation of vapors in confined spaces, such as buildings or sewers, may explode if ignited. Used to make chemicals, to remove water from automotive and aviation fuels, as a solvent for paints and plastics, and as an ingredient in a wide variety of products.
Reactivity Profile
Methanol reacts violently with acetyl bromide [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Reacts with hypochlorous acid either in water solution or mixed water/carbon tetrachloride solution to give methyl hypochlorite, which decomposes in the cold and may explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Gives the same product with chlorine. Can react explosively with isocyanates under basic conditions. The presence of an inert solvent mitigates this reaction [Wischmeyer 1969]. A violent exothermic reaction occurred between methyl alcohol and bromine in a mixing cylinder [MCA Case History 1863. 1972]. A flask of anhydrous lead perchlorate dissolved in Methanol exploded when Methanol was disturbed [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52:2391. 1930]. P4O6 reacts violently with Methanol. (Thorpe, T. E. et al., J. Chem. Soc., 1890, 57, 569-573). Ethanol or Methanol can ignite on contact with a platinum-black catalyst. (Urben 1794).
Hazard
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Explosive limits in air 6–36.5% by volume. Toxic by ingestion (causes blindness). Headache, eye damage, dizziness, and nausea.
Health Hazard
The acute toxicity of methanol by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact is low. Ingestion
of methanol or inhalation of high concentrations can produce headache, drowsiness,
blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, blindness, and death. In humans, 60 to 250 mL is
reported to be a lethal dose. Prolonged or repeated skin contact can cause irritation and
inflammation; methanol can be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts. Contact of
methanol with the eyes can cause irritation and burns. Methanol is not considered to have
adequate warning properties.
Methanol has not been found to be carcinogenic in humans. Information available is
insufficient to characterize the reproductive hazard presented by methanol. In animal
tests, the compound produced developmental effects only at levels that were maternally
toxic; hence, it is not considered to be a highly significant hazard to the fetus. Tests in
bacterial or mammalian cell cultures demonstrate no mutagenic activity
Fire Hazard
Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode.
Flammability and Explosibility
Methanol is a flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3) that burns with an invisible flame in daylight; its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Methanol-water mixtures will burn unless very dilute. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for methanol fires.
Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization:Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
storage
Methanol should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.
Shipping
UN1230 Methanol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous material. (International)
Incompatibilities
Methanol reacts violently with strong oxidizers, causing a fire and explosion hazard.
Waste Disposal
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration
Methanol Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
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chevron_right| Supplier | Tel | Country | ProdList | Advantage | Inquiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLR Innovations | +91 9891111994 | New Delhi, India | 4542 | 58 | Inquiry |
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| REDDY N REDDY PHARMACEUTICALS | +91-9848096759 +91-9848096759 | Hyderabad, India | 1989 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Nyne Organics Pvt Ltd | +91-9920180386 +91-9920180386 | Mumbai, India | 53 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Vinati Organics Limited | +91-2261240444 +91-2261240444 | Maharashtra, India | 20 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Ultra Chemical Works | +91-9820078105 +91-9820078105 | Mumbai, India | 124 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Otto Chemie Pvt Ltd | +91-2222070099 +91-2266382599 | Maharashtra, India | 429 | 58 | Inquiry |
| UNILOSA INTERNATINAL PRIVATE LIMITED | +91-9999069917 +91-9999069917 | New Delhi, India | 152 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Chemino Pharma Ltd | +91-8689897373 +91-8689897373 | Maharashtra, India | 31 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Simalin Chemical Industries Pvt., Ltd. | +91-2652841009 +91-2652841009 | Gujarat, India | 3 | 58 | Inquiry |
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