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1,4-Dioxane

1,4-Dioxane Structure
CAS No.
123-91-1
Chemical Name:
1,4-Dioxane
Synonyms
DIOX;Dioxan;P-DIOXANE;1,4-DIOXAN;4-Dioxane;1,4-Dioxacyclohexane;Dioxane-1,4;DIETHYLENE OXIDE;AAAAA;Pfu
CBNumber:
CB6240532
Molecular Formula:
C4H8O2
Molecular Weight:
88.11
MOL File:
123-91-1.mol
MSDS File:
SDS
Modify Date:
2024/7/2 11:33:24
Request For Quotation

1,4-Dioxane Properties

Melting point 12 °C
Boiling point 101 °C
Density 1.034 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 3 (vs air)
vapor pressure 27 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.422(lit.)
Flash point 54 °F
storage temp. room temp
solubility Soluble in acetone, alcohol, benzene, and ether (Weast, 1986). Miscible with most organic solvents (Huntress and Mulliken, 1941) including 2-methylpropanol, toluene, cychexanone, and cyclopentanone.
form Solution
color APHA: ≤20
Odor Mild ether-like odor detectable at 0.8 to 172 ppm (mean = 12 ppm)
PH 6-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.7-25.2%(V)
Water Solubility SOLUBLE
Sensitive Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.70
λ: 235 nm Amax: ≤0.50
λ: 250 nm Amax: ≤0.20
λ: 270 nm Amax: ≤0.10
λ: 295-400 nm Amax: ≤0.01
Merck 14,3300
BRN 102551
Henry's Law Constant 4.89(x 10-6 atm?m3/mol) (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998)
Exposure limits TLV-TWA 25 ppm (≈90 mg/m3) (ACGIH), 100 ppm (MSHA and OSHA); carcinogenicity: Animal Sufficient Evidence (IARC).
Dielectric constant 2.2（25℃）
Stability Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, oxygen, halogens, reducing agents, moisture. Highly flammable - note wide explosive range. May form explosive peroxides in storage (rate of formation increased by heating, evaporation or exposure to light).
InChIKey RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP -0.42 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference 123-91-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC 2B (Vol. 11, Sup 7, 71) 1999
NIST Chemistry Reference 1,4-Dioxane(123-91-1)
EPA Substance Registry System 1,4-Dioxane (123-91-1)

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Symbol(GHS) 
GHS02,GHS07,GHS08
Signal word  Danger
Hazard statements  H225-H304-H315-H319-H335-H340-H350-H372-H412
Precautionary statements  P210-P273-P301+P310-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P331
Hazard Codes  Xn,F,T
Risk Statements  45-46-11-36/38-48/23/24/25-65-66-40-36/37-19-41-37/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-48/20/22-38-22-36/37/38-10
Safety Statements  9-16-36/37-46-45-53-7-62-26-24/25-23-S9-S46-S36/37-S16
OEL Ceiling: 1 ppm (3.6 mg/m3) [30-minute]
RIDADR  UN 1993 3/PG 2
WGK Germany  3
RTECS  JG8225000
F  8
Autoignition Temperature 180 °C
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  3
PackingGroup  II
HS Code  29329990
Toxicity LD50 in mice, rats (ml/kg): 5.7, 5.2 orally (Laug)
IDLA 500 ppm
NFPA 704
3
2 1

1,4-Dioxane price More Price(81)

Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) D201863 1,4-Dioxane ReagentPlus?, ≥99% 123-91-1 500ML ₹4784.65 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) RTC000093 1,4-Dioxane Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material 123-91-1 20ML ₹12351.33 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) PHR1549 1,4-Dioxane Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material 123-91-1 3X1.2ML ₹9103.83 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) D201863 1,4-Dioxane ReagentPlus?, ≥99% 123-91-1 2.5L ₹16497.3 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) D201863 1,4-Dioxane ReagentPlus?, ≥99% 123-91-1 10L ₹36534.38 2022-06-14 Buy
Product number Packaging Price Buy
D201863 500ML ₹4784.65 Buy
RTC000093 20ML ₹12351.33 Buy
PHR1549 3X1.2ML ₹9103.83 Buy
D201863 2.5L ₹16497.3 Buy
D201863 10L ₹36534.38 Buy

1,4-Dioxane Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Description

1,4-dioxane is a clear liquid with ether-like odour. It is highly flammable and forms explosive peroxides in storage (rate of formation increased by heating, evaporation, or exposure to light). 1,4-Dioxane is incompatible with oxidising agents, oxygen, halogens, reducing agents, and moisture. Industrial applications of 1,4-dioxane are extensive, for instance, as solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, resins, oils, waxes, and some dyes; as a solvent for paper, cotton, and textile processing; and for various organic and inorganic compounds and products. It is also used in automotive coolant liquid and in shampoos and other cosmetics as a degreasing agent and as a component of paint and varnish. Human exposures to 1,4-dioxane have been traced to multiple occupations and breathing of contaminated workplace air and drinking polluted water. Industrial uses of 1,4-dioxane are very many. For instance, it is used as solvent for celluloses, resins, lacquers, synthetic rubbers, adhesives, sealants, fats, oils, dyes, and protective coatings; as a stabiliser for chlorinated solvents and printing inks; and as a wetting and dispersing agent in textile processing agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, in different processing of solvent-extraction processes, and in the preparation and manufacture of detergents.

Chemical Properties

1,4-Dioxane is a colorless, stable liquid with a faint, pleasant odor. Although it has been known as far back as 1863, it was not until 1929 that is became commercially available. It is chemically a di-ether obtained by the loss of water from two molecules of ethylene glycol. It is completely soluble in water, as well as most organic solvents. It is freely soluble in mineral, vegetable, blown and heat-bodied oils, and oil soluble dyes. Most waxes are more readily soluble in dioxane when heated and examples of these are beeswax, carnauba, montan, paraffin, gilsonite, and Japan wax.

Physical properties

Clear, colorless, very flammable, volatile liquid with a faint pleasant, ether-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 2.9 mg/m3 (800 ppbv) and 6.5 mg/m3 (1.8 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

Uses

1,4-Dioxane, the six-member cyclic diether, is used as an aluminum inhibitor in chlorinated solvents like 1,1,1-trichloroethane and as a solvent for certain resins and polymers.

Definition

ChEBI: A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a faint ethereal odor. Flash point 55°F. Slightly denser than water and soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Susceptible to autooxidation to form peroxides.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. When exposed to air 1,4-Dioxane undergoes autooxidation with formation of peroxides. In the distillation process peroxides will concentrate causing violent explosion. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

1,4-Dioxane is a flammable liquid; when exposed to air 1,4-Dioxane undergoes autooxidation with formation of peroxides. In the distillation process peroxides will concentrate causing violent explosion. The addition complex with sulfur trioxide (1:1) sometimes decomposes violently on storing at room temperature [Sisler, H. H. et al., Inorg. Synth., 1947, 2, p. 174]. Evaporation of boron trifluoride in aqueous 1,4-Dioxane with nitric acid led to an explosion upon addition of perchloric acid [MCA Guide, 1972, p. 312]. Explosive reaction with Raney nickel catalyst above 210° C {Mozingo R., Org. Synth., 1955, Coll. Vol. 3, p. 182].

Health Hazard

The toxicity of 1,4-dioxane is low in testanimals by all routes of exposure. However,in humans the toxicity of this compoundis severe. The target organs are theliver, kidneys, lungs, skin, and eyes. Exposureto its vapors as well as the absorptionthrough the skin or ingestion can cause poisoning,the symptoms of which include drowsiness,headache, respiratory distress, nausea,and vomiting. It causes depression of centralnervous system. There are reports of humandeaths from subacute and chronic exposures todioxane vapors at concentration levels rangingbetween 500 and 1000 ppm. Serious healthhazards may arise from its injurious effects onthe liver, kidneys, and brain. Rabbits died ofkidney injury resulting from repeated inhalationof 1,4-dioxane vapors for 30 days (Smyth1956). It is an irritant to the eyes, nose, skin,and lungs. In humans, a 1-minute exposure to5000-ppm vapors can cause lacrimation.
LC50 value, inhalation (rats): 13,000 ppm/2 h
LD50 value, oral (mice): 5700 mg/kg
1,4-Dioxane is an animal carcinogen oflow potential. Ingestion of high concentrationsof this compound at a level of7000–18,000 ppm in drinking water for14–23 months caused nasal and liver tumorsin rats (ACGIH 1986). Guinea pigs developedlung tumors.

Flammability and Explosibility

Dioxane is a highly flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3). Its vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Dioxane vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 22% (by volume). Fires involving dioxane should be extinguished with carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguishers.
Dioxane can form shock- and heat-sensitive peroxides that may explode on concentration by distillation or evaporation. Samples of this substance should always be tested for the presence of peroxides before distilling or allowing to evaporate. Dioxane should never be distilled to dryness.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenicdata. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Mildly toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation, conjunctiva irritation, convulsions, hgh blood pressure, unspecified respiratory and gastrointestinal system effects. Mutation data reported. An eye and slun irritant. The irritant effects probably provide sufficient warning, in acute exposures, to enable a worker to leave exposure before being seriously affected. Repeated exposure to low concentrations has resulted in human fatahties, the organs chefly affected being the liver and kidneys. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Violent reaction with (H2 + Raney Ni), AgClO4. Can form dangerous peroxides when exposed to air. Potentially explosive reaction with nitric acid + perchloric acid, Raney nickel catalyst (above 210°C). Forms explosive mixtures with decaborane (impactsensitive), triethynylaluminum (sensitive to heating or drying). Violent reaction with sulfur trioxide. Incompatible with sulfur trioxide. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also GLYCOL ETHERS.

Carcinogenicity

1,4-Dioxane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen basedon sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

storage

dioxane should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers. Containers of dioxane should be dated when opened and tested periodically for the presence of peroxides.

Incompatibilities

Dioxane can form potentially explosive peroxides upon long exposure to air. Dioxane may react violently with Raney nickel catalyst, nitric and perchloric acids, sulfur trioxide, and strong oxidizing reagents.

Waste Disposal

Excess dioxane and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.

Precautions

Workers Should be careful during handling of 1,4-Dioxane and avoid open flames, sparks and smoking. Workers should wear proper protectives since 1,4-Dioxane in known as hazardous, cause damage to eyes, respiratory tract, liver and kidney.

1,4-Dioxane Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Ethanol,2,2'(dodecylimino)di,ethyl with polyethylene glycol ETHYLENE OXIDE Ethylene glycol Sulfuric acid

Preparation Products

EMITEFUR BOC-D-Alanine BOC-D-Phenylalanine N-T-BOC-Β-ALANINE 6-N-HEPTYLMERCAPTOPURINE
8-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde Dirithromycin polyurethane polysiloxane copolymer 6-Aminouracil PILSICAINIDE
N-Acetylethylenediamine 1,3-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid N-BOC-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Boc-O-benzyl-L-tyrosine DL-Asparagine monohydrate
γ-L-glutamyl-1-naphthylamide FMOC-O-tert-Butyl-L-serine FMOC-O-tert-Butyl-L-threonine N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalanine Levosimendan
4-Methyl-5-thiazolylethyl acetate Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH 2,4,5-Trifluorophenylacetic acid Quinoline-7-carbaldehyde 5-Bromouracil
2-HYDROXY-1-NAPHTHOIC ACID 2-HYDROXY-4-PYRIDINECARBOXALDEHYDE N-tetradecyl glycine sodium salt 2-Phenylquinoline 4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenacyl bromide
3-Phenyl-1H-pyrazole Boc-Thr(Bzl)-OH BOC-Glycine HPG BENZYL 1-HOMOPIPERAZINECARBOXYLATE
3-METHYL-4-PYRIDINECARBOXALDEHYDE CATALASE 9-(Chloromethyl)anthracene Diethylstilbestrol Oxyfedrine
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1,4-Dioxane Suppliers

Global( 734)Suppliers
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ANJI BIOSCIENCES +91-9000100077 +91-9000100077 Hyderabad, India 430 58 Inquiry
V B Organics +91-9912996647 +91-9912996647 Telangana, India 13 58 Inquiry
JSK Chemicals +919879767970 Gujarat, India 3756 58 Inquiry
BASF India Limited +91-2262785600 +91-2262785600 Maharashtra, India 209 58 Inquiry
Mehk Chemicals Pvt Ltd +91-9323157788 +91-8369781782 Maharashtra, India 32 58 Inquiry
Kairav Chemofarbe Industries Ltd. KCIL +91-222596836 +91-8879003729 Maharashtra, India 9 58 Inquiry
Wellchem Laboratories +91-9820795238 +91-9892737187 Maharashtra, India 30 58 Inquiry
Sujay Chemicals +91-2227700303 +91-9323420477 Maharashtra, India 7 58 Inquiry
DeFINE CHEMICALS +91-8010769889 +91-9320057099 Maharashtra, India 120 58 Inquiry
Manas Petro Chem +91-9004912487 +91-9004912487 Maharashtra, India 17 58 Inquiry
Supplier Advantage
ANJI BIOSCIENCES 58
V B Organics 58
JSK Chemicals 58
BASF India Limited 58
Mehk Chemicals Pvt Ltd 58
Kairav Chemofarbe Industries Ltd. KCIL 58
Wellchem Laboratories 58
Sujay Chemicals 58
DeFINE CHEMICALS 58
Manas Petro Chem 58

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1,4-Dioxane Spectrum

1,4-Dioxane(123-91-1)MS1,4-Dioxane(123-91-1)1HNMR1,4-Dioxane(123-91-1)13CNMR1,4-Dioxane(123-91-1)IR11,4-Dioxane(123-91-1)IR21,4-Dioxane(123-91-1)Raman

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1,4-Dioxin, tetrahydro- 1,4-dioxin,tetrahydro dioxyethyleneether DuPont zonyl FSO-100 fluorinated surfactants Ethylene glycol ethylene ether Ethyleneether Glycol ethylene ether Glycol ethylene ether 8 glycolethyleneether glycolethylenether NCI-C03689 para-dioxan para-dioxane p-Dioxan 1,4-DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE 1,4-DIOXANE 1.4-DIOXANE GC STANDARD 1,4-DioxaneScintillationGrade 1,4,DioxanForUvSpectroscopy 1,4-DioxanForHplc 1,4Dioxan,SpectroscopicGrade 1,4-Dioxane,Acs 1,4-DioxanScintillationGrade 1,4-DioxanGr 1,4-Dioxane, 98+% 1,4-Dioxane, stabilized, extra pure, 99+% 1,4-Dioxane, stabilized, for analysis, 99.5% 1,4-Dioxane, water <50 ppm, stabilized, extra dry, 99.8% 1,4-Dioxane, water <50ppm, stabilized, extra dry over mol. sieve, 99.5% DIOXANE REAGENT (ACS) 1,4-dioxane solution 1,4-dioxane, anhydrous 1,4-dioxane, hplc grade P-DIOXANE,ANHYDROUS P-DIOXANE,HISTOLOGICALGRADE P-DIOXANE,HPLCGRADE P-DIOXANE,OMNISOLV P-DIOXANE,REAGENT,ACS GLYCOLETHYLETHER,1,4-DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE,1,4-DIOXACYCLOHEXANE 1,4-Dioxane, for analysis ACS, 99+% 1,4-Dioxane, for HPLC, 99.5% 1,4-Dioxane, for spectroscopy, 99+% DIETHYLDIOXIDE 4DIETHYLENEDIOXIDE 1,4-Dioxane, 99+%, stabilized, extra pure 1,4-Dioxane, 99.5%, for HPLC 1,4-Dioxane, 99.5%, stabilized, for analysis 1,4-Dioxane, 99.8%, water <50 ppm, stabilized, extra dry 1,4-Dioxane, 99.5%, water <50ppm, stabilized, extra dry over molecular sieve 1,4-Dioxane, 99+%, for analysis ACS 1,4-Dioxane, stabilized, extra pure 1,4-Dioxane, for spectroscopy 1,4-Dioxane, for HPLC 1,4-Dioxane, stabilized, for analysis 1,4-Dioxane, AcroSeal, Extra Dry 1,4-Dioxane, AcroSeal, Extra Dry over Molecular Sieve 1,4-Dioxane, for analysis ACS 1,4-Dioxane,99.5%,Extra Dry over Molecular Sieve