Propionitrile
- CAS No.
- 107-12-0
- Chemical Name:
- Propionitrile
- Synonyms
- PROPIONONITRILE;Propanenitrile;CYANOETHANE;Propionitril;ETHYL CYANIDE;C2H5CN;NITRILE C3;Ethylcyanid;Ethylkyanid;Propannitril
- CBNumber:
- CB9852701
- Molecular Formula:
- C3H5N
- Molecular Weight:
- 55.08
- MOL File:
- 107-12-0.mol
- Modify Date:
- 2023/11/28 16:31:44
| Melting point | -93 °C (lit.) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 97 °C (lit.) |
| Density | 0.772 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| vapor pressure | 53.33-63.195hPa at 22.05-25℃ |
| refractive index |
n |
| Flash point | 43 °F |
| storage temp. | Flammables area |
| solubility | soluble in water at 40°C is 11.9 g/100 g H20; miscible with alcohol, ether, dimethylformamide |
| form | Oil |
| color | Clear Colourless |
| Water Solubility | decomposes. 5-10 g/100 mL at 23 ºC |
| FreezingPoint | -93℃ |
| Merck | 14,7827 |
| BRN | 773680 |
| Exposure limits | TLV-TWA 14 mg/m3 (6 ppm) (NIOSH). |
| Dielectric constant | 27.7（20℃） |
| Stability | Stable. Flammable. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidising agents, strong bases, strong acids, strong reducing agents. |
| LogP | -0.1-0.16 |
| Dissociation constant | 33.54 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 107-12-0(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Propanenitrile(107-12-0) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Propanenitrile (107-12-0) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |   GHS02,GHS06 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard statements | H225-H300-H310-H319-H331 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P210-P301+P310a-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501a | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | F,T+,T | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 11-20-25-27-36-23/24/25 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 9-16-28-36/37-45-27 | |||||||||
| RIDADR | UN 2404 3/PG 2 | |||||||||
| OEB | A | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 6 ppm (14 mg/m3) | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 1 | |||||||||
| RTECS | UF9625000 | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 3 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | II | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29269095 | |||||||||
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 39 mg/kg (Smyth) | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Propionitrile price More Price(9)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 8.07068 | Propionitrile for synthesis | 107-12-0 | 100ML | ₹3360 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 8.07068 | Propionitrile for synthesis | 107-12-0 | 500ML | ₹6830 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich | 8.07068 | Propionitrile for synthesis | 107-12-0 | 190L | ₹1472480 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 8.07068 | Propionitrile for synthesis | 107-12-0 | 190L | ₹1472480 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 76671 | Propionitrile analytical standard | 107-12-0 | 1ML | ₹2619.65 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Propionitrile Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Chemical Properties
Propionitrile is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, sweetish, ethereal odor. Propionitrile [107-12-0], ethyl cyanide, CH3CH2CN, is a colorless liquid which is miscible with water, ethanol, dimethylformamide, and diethyl ether. The physical properties are listed in Table 1. Propionitrile is obtained either by hydrogenation of acrylonitrile or by the gas-phase reaction of propanal or propanol with ammonia. It is also obtained as a byproduct in the electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile (EHD process).
Uses
Propionitrile is an intermediate for organic syntheses, e.g. Houben-Hoesch reaction, as well as for pharmaceuticals, e.g. ketoprofen and fragrances.
Production Methods
Propionitnle may be prepared by dehydration of propionamide (or propionic acid plus ammonia) or by distilling ethyl sulfate and concentrated aqueous KCN. It also is formed as a byproduct of the electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile or by the hydrogenation of acrylonitrile with the use of copper, rhodium or nickle catalysts . U.S. production is estimated for 1980 to range between 10-15 million pounds.
Definition
ChEBI: A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond.
General Description
A colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. Density 0.683 g / cm3. Flash point 61°F. Toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent, and to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Propionitrile is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents. After refluxing for 24 hours at 221°F, a mixture of Propionitrile with N-bromosuccinimide exploded.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Flammable, dangerous fire risk.
Health Hazard
Propionitrile is highly toxic. This super toxic compound has a probable oral lethal dose in humans of less than 5 mg/kg or a taste (less than 7 drops) for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. It is a mild to moderate skin and eye irritant.
Fire Hazard
When heated to decomposition, Propionitrile emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and cyanide. Propionitrile is a flammable/combustible material and may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Generates cyanide ions. Poisonous on contact with acids. stable, but may become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Industrial uses
Propionitnle is used as a selective solvent in the chemical industry and in petroleum refining and as a dielectric fluid . It has also been used experimentally as an ulcerogen .
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Experimental teratogenic effects. Other experimental reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame (sparks), oxidners. Mixture with N- bromosuccinimide may explode when heated. To fight fire, use water spray, foam, mist, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. Used as a solvent in petroleum refining, and as a raw material for drug manufacture. See also NITRILES.
Potential Exposure
Used as a solvent in petroleum refin- ing, as a chemical intermediate; a raw material for drug manufacture; and a setting agent.
Shipping
UN2404 Propionitrile, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous material. UN1992 Flammable liquids, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Purification Methods
Shake the nitrile with dilute HCl (20%), or with conc HCl until the odour of isonitrile has gone, then wash it with water, and aqueous K2CO3. After a preliminary drying with silica gel or Linde type 4A molecular sieves, it is stirred with CaH2 until hydrogen evolution ceases, then decant and distil from P2O5 (not more than 5g/L, to minimise gel formation). Finally, it is refluxed with, and slowly distilled from CaH2 (5g/L), taking precautions to exclude moisture. [Beilstein 2 IV 728.]
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlo- rine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides., reducing agents. Hydrogen cyanide is produced when propionitrile is heated to decomposition. Reacts with acids, steam, warm water; producing toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide fumes. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompati- ble with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids .
Waste Disposal
Alcoholic NaOH followed by calcium hypochlorite may be used, as may incineration . Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guid- ance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Propionitrile Preparation Products And Raw materials
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